{"help": "https://www.envidat.ch/api/3/action/help_show?name=package_search", "success": true, "result": {"count": 863, "facets": {}, "results": [{"author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Jakob\", \"name\": \"Sch\\u00f6ttner\", \"email\": \"jakob.schoettner@slf.ch\", \"data_credit\": [\"collection\", \"curation\", \"publication\", \"validation\"], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-8885\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Alec\", \"name\": \"van Herwijnen\", \"email\": \"vanherwijnen@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [\"publication\", \"validation\", \"collection\", \"curation\", \"supervision\"], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Valentin\", \"name\": \"Adam\", \"email\": \"valentin.adam@slf.ch\", \"data_credit\": [\"publication\", \"collection\", \"validation\", \"curation\"], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6375-3727\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Institute for Structural Mechanics and Design, TU Darmstadt\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Philipp\", \"name\": \"Wei\\u00dfgraeber\", \"email\": \"philipp.weissgraeber@uni-rostock.de\", \"data_credit\": [\"supervision\", \"publication\"], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8320-8672\", \"affiliation\": \"Chair of Lightweight Design, University of Rostock\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Philipp\", \"name\": \"Rosendahl\", \"email\": \"rosendahl@ismd.tu-darmstadt.de\", \"data_credit\": [\"publication\", \"supervision\"], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6587-875X\", \"affiliation\": \"Institute for Structural Mechanics and Design, TU Darmstadt\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Florian\", \"name\": \"Rheinschmidt\", \"email\": \"rheinschmidt@ismd.tu-darmstadt.de\", \"data_credit\": [\"publication\"], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5947-904X\", \"affiliation\": \"Institute for Structural Mechanics and Design, TU Darmstadt\"}, {\"given_name\": \"J\\u00fcrg\", \"name\": \"Schweizer\", \"email\": \"schweizer@slf.ch\", \"data_credit\": [\"publication\", \"supervision\"], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0001-5076-2968\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Sirah\", \"name\": \"Kraus\", \"email\": \"sirah.kraus@slf.ch\", \"data_credit\": [\"collection\", \"curation\", \"validation\"], \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "1242d5fc-a5bf-4492-acc1-b24159ba8515", "date": "[{\"date_type\":\"created\",\"date\":\"2024-02-14\",\"end_date\":\"2026-03-17\"},{\"date_type\":\"collected\",\"date\":\"2024-02-14\",\"end_date\":\"2025-02-28\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.794", "funding": "[{\"institution\":\"SNF\",\"grant_number\":\"201071\",\"institution_url\":\"https://data.snf.ch/grants/grant/201071\"},{\"institution\":\"DFG\",\"grant_number\":\"460195514\",\"institution_url\":\"https://gepris.dfg.de/project/460195514\"}]", "id": "e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2", "isopen": true, "license_id": "cc-by", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"email\":\"melin.walet@slf.ch\",\"given_name\":\"Melin\",\"name\":\"Walet\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-08-17T11:53:43.954600", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-03T15:13:43.301872", "name": "field-measurements-of-multiaxial-strength-of-buried-surface-hoar-weak-layers-mea", "notes": "This repository hosts the experimental data accompanying our publication \"Field measurements of multiaxial strength of weak snow layers\" submitted to the Journal of Glaciology. \n\nIt contains:\n\n**1. Details on the multiaxial shear--compression unit (MSCU):**\n-CAD files of the MSCU design\n-The loading unit of the MSCU is based on the SnowMicroPen (SMP) created by the WSL Snow and Avalanche Research Institute SLF. For more details, the SLF should be contacted.\n\n**2. Experimental data related to the publication \"Field measurements of multiaxial strength of weak snow layers\", submitted to the Journal of Glaciology**:\n-the raw .pnt files containing the force as a function of distance as measured by the force sensor.\n-csv files with the data from the multiaxial field tests performed on weak layers containing buried surface hoar, on 14 February 2024 and between 23 and 28 February 2025: loading angle, date, and compressive and shear strength values.\n-a representative video of the multiaxial loading experiment, showing experiment ID 1332 (2025). Video recordings of other experiments are available upon request. \n-microstructural values obtained via micro-computed tomography scans.\n", "num_resources": 7, "num_tags": 5, "organization": {"id": "a357f01f-845b-4b61-9ad0-f204d3332c52", "name": "avalanche-formation", "title": "Avalanche Formation and Dynamics", "type": "organization", "description": "Snow avalanches \u2013 a type of fast-moving mass movement \u2013 occur in snow covered mountain areas throughout the world and may cause property damage and loss of life as they interfere with human activities. Most avalanches release from terrain steeper than about 30\u00b0 during or soon after snow storms, or are triggered by snow loading due to wind, or by a temperature change. Snow slab avalanches can also be triggered artificially by, for example, people (usually unintentionally) or intentionally by explosives used as part of avalanche control programs. Today, most avalanche fatalities are recreationists. Independent of the triggering mode, the snowpack layering is decisive for the instability of the snowpack which consists of layers with varying properties. The complex microstructure of snow and spatial variations in snow layer properties across the terrain limit the predictability of snow avalanches. Even today, it is not possible to predict the exact location, time and extent of an avalanche event. Improving avalanche prediction requires a better understanding of the underlying processes. ", "image_url": "2019-09-27-104013.456832slf.png", "created": "2019-09-27T12:40:13.473824", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "a357f01f-845b-4b61-9ad0-f204d3332c52", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publisher\":\"EnviDat\",\"publication_year\":\"2026\"}", "publication_state": "published", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[9.86819,46.807638],[9.868426,46.80827],[9.870282,46.807807],[9.870539,46.807609],[9.869864,46.807536],[9.868834,46.807668],[9.86819,46.807638]]],[[[9.778898,46.794492],[9.778898,46.796475],[9.788942,46.796475],[9.788942,46.794492],[9.778898,46.794492]]]]}]}", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "Field measurements of multiaxial strength of buried surface hoar weak layers measured with the mobile shear--compression unit (MSCU)", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "extras": [{"key": "deprecatedResources", "value": "[\"b70b589e-b24f-433c-948b-ead4c2f2a898\",\"33807600-a5a4-45f8-af70-f568645938ce\"]"}], "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-09-03T15:08:00", "description": "Microstructural data obtained via microCT scans", "doi": "", "format": "XLSX", "hash": "", "id": "bbd67a6e-024b-496f-ad46-d705e6d0e5fc", "last_modified": "2026-09-03T17:08:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-03T15:12:06.830159", "mimetype": "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "microCT_data.xlsx", "package_id": "e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"16.28\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 16671, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2/resource/bbd67a6e-024b-496f-ad46-d705e6d0e5fc/download/microct_data.xlsx", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-29T17:23:00", "description": "Representative video of a loading experiment in 2025.", "doi": "", "format": "MP4", "hash": "", "id": "9d603cff-f4c3-4053-a67e-613851da9e75", "last_modified": "2026-08-29T19:25:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-03T15:12:06.830247", "mimetype": "video/mp4", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "Video_ID1332.mp4", "package_id": "e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"36.23\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 37989908, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2/resource/9d603cff-f4c3-4053-a67e-613851da9e75/download/video_id1332.mp4", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-29T17:22:00", "description": "Strength data of 2024 MSCU surface hoar campaign", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "9933f4ec-5c5b-4157-b2bb-969330bee920", "last_modified": "2026-08-29T19:23:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-03T15:12:06.830310", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "strength_2024_buriedsurfacehoar.csv", "package_id": "e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2", "position": 2, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"3.44\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 3523, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2/resource/9933f4ec-5c5b-4157-b2bb-969330bee920/download/strength_2024_buriedsurfacehoar.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-29T17:21:00", "description": "Raw .pnt files from the 2024 campaign, including force versus distance of the loading unit. ", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "848ae1be-ba2e-433d-965c-98608fd63d49", "last_modified": "2026-08-29T19:21:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-03T15:12:06.830370", "mimetype": "application/x-zip-compressed", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "raw_PNT_files24.zip", "package_id": "e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2", "position": 3, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"2.63\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 2757755, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2/resource/848ae1be-ba2e-433d-965c-98608fd63d49/download/raw_pnt_files24.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-29T16:25:00", "description": "CAD files and drawings of the mobile shear-compression unit (MSCU). ", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "84b11bf7-a38a-4414-9abe-8888ea9d5e43", "last_modified": "2026-08-29T18:26:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-03T15:12:06.830428", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "MSCU_CAD_Drawings.zip", "package_id": "e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2", "position": 4, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"1.13\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 1184891, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2/resource/84b11bf7-a38a-4414-9abe-8888ea9d5e43/download/cad_mscu.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-29T17:22:00", "description": "Raw .pnt files from the 2025 MSCU campaign, including force versus distance of the loading unit", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "7acf32a9-8704-4d60-a721-4d7292f5f3c7", "last_modified": "2026-08-29T19:22:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-03T15:12:06.830486", "mimetype": "application/x-zip-compressed", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "raw_PNT_files25.zip", "package_id": "e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2", "position": 5, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"1.29\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 1352663, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2/resource/7acf32a9-8704-4d60-a721-4d7292f5f3c7/download/raw_pnt_files25.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-29T17:23:00", "description": "Strength data of 2025 MSCU surface hoar campaign", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "ccc70b4a-d9aa-4bd1-a660-bef7a0b2cbfa", "last_modified": "2026-08-29T19:23:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-03T15:12:06.830542", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "strength_data_2025_buriedsurfacehoar.csv", "package_id": "e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2", "position": 6, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"5.81\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 5949, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/e612c030-d34c-48ee-bfa1-7cd716f020b2/resource/ccc70b4a-d9aa-4bd1-a660-bef7a0b2cbfa/download/strength_data_2025_buriedsurfacehoar.csv", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "DRY-SNOW AVALANCHE", "id": "9ca744e9-6078-414e-9b05-8531504bab36", "name": "DRY-SNOW AVALANCHE", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "FIELD TESTS", "id": "bc8b1692-4e93-4ca3-80a9-55c04265dfd7", "name": "FIELD TESTS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SNOW MECHANICS", "id": "31bab9c5-b32e-452d-bce1-f7500696beab", "name": "SNOW MECHANICS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "STRENGTH", "id": "03f3bd73-d422-48a4-8eee-4b60af9a1b73", "name": "STRENGTH", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "WEAK LAYER", "id": "f90a25b6-fbe6-4bcc-91a3-709775a585a7", "name": "WEAK LAYER", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Daniel\", \"name\": \"Scherrer\", \"email\": \"daniel.scherrer@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0001-9983-7510\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "061d6ec3-9069-4096-bb2f-13fa95de8088", "date": "[{\"date_type\":\"created\",\"date\":\"2025-06-30\",\"end_date\":\"2025-12-31\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.800", "funding": "[{\"institution\":\"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Umwelt\",\"grant_number\":\"\",\"institution_url\":\"\"}]", "id": "313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47", "isopen": true, "license_id": "cc-by", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"email\":\"daniel.scherrer@wsl.ch\",\"given_name\":\"Daniel\",\"name\":\"Scherrer\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-08-26T13:24:38.876578", "metadata_modified": "2026-09-01T08:56:10.539938", "name": "data-assessing-forest-naturalness-through-time-recovery-from-historical-manageme", "notes": "This dataset provides the aggregated data and R-scripts related to the publication \"Assessing forest naturalness through time: Recovery from historical management legacies, climate debt and adaptation potential across Switzerland\". The underlying raw data can only be obtained directly from the NFI.", "num_resources": 7, "num_tags": 5, "organization": {"id": "6f131219-7e16-4ae9-890f-3ccac530d5ca", "name": "plant-regeneration-ecology", "title": "Plant Regeneration Ecology", "type": "organization", "description": "We study the importance of extreme events such as drought, storms, forest fires or clearings for the forest dynamics. In the frame  of such disturbances we focus on:\r\n\r\nresistance to disturbance: the potential to resist; we experimentally test the drought resistance of regenerating trees\r\n resilience after disturbance: the potential to regenerate; we monitor severely disturbed forests on the basis of systematic or stratified samples\r\nfunctional traits of forest plant species\r\n\r\nBoth the strong climate warming and a growing demand of forest goods (timber, fuel) will result in a general increase of disturbances. We elaborate basic knowledge for an adaptive forest management.", "image_url": "https://www.envidat.ch/uploads/group/2018-07-10-090947.094601LogoWSL.svg", "created": "2020-06-11T16:34:59.508470", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "6f131219-7e16-4ae9-890f-3ccac530d5ca", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publisher\":\"EnviDat\",\"publication_year\":\"2026\"}", "publication_state": "published", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[5.95587,45.81802],[5.95587,47.80838],[10.49203,47.80838],[10.49203,45.81802],[5.95587,45.81802]]]}]}", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "Data: Assessing forest naturalness through time: Recovery from historical management legacies, climate debt and adaptation potential across Switzerland", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "extras": [{"key": "deprecatedResources", "value": "[]"}], "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-26T13:32:00", "description": "Subfunctions to produce the alluvial plots.", "doi": "", "format": "r", "hash": "", "id": "ea6583ef-6f8d-4a32-8a24-b64f9362ea1e", "last_modified": "2026-08-26T15:33:02.740000", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:33:03.213681", "mimetype": "application/octet-stream", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "subfunction.alluvial.R", "package_id": "313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"18.14\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 18575, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47/resource/ea6583ef-6f8d-4a32-8a24-b64f9362ea1e/download/subfunction.alluvial.r", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-26T13:32:00", "description": "Main R-Script to produce all the figures and tables of the publication.", "doi": "", "format": "r", "hash": "", "id": "1b12f3e9-2fc9-4153-8f83-156928bdb681", "last_modified": "2026-08-26T15:32:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:33:03.213803", "mimetype": "application/octet-stream", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "Making_Figures_Tables.R", "package_id": "313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"5.7\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 5837, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47/resource/1b12f3e9-2fc9-4153-8f83-156928bdb681/download/making_figures_tables.r", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-26T13:30:00", "description": "Predicted future naturalness of 2,878 NFI plots under three forest development scenarios using the predicted future site types (NaiS) of climate change scenario RCP45.", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "73a4a75b-7010-4514-b881-0cf5112aca18", "last_modified": "2026-08-26T15:31:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:33:03.213888", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "Naturalness_RCP45.csv", "package_id": "313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47", "position": 2, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"824.18\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 843960, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47/resource/73a4a75b-7010-4514-b881-0cf5112aca18/download/naturalness_rcp45.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-26T13:28:00", "description": "The current naturalness estimation of NFI5 plots, based on 2,878 plots constantly monitored since NFI1.", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "aa9d280f-5dd7-4833-880d-513218a03790", "last_modified": "2026-08-26T15:30:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:33:03.213987", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "CurrentNaturalness.csv", "package_id": "313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47", "position": 3, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"445.01\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 455690, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47/resource/aa9d280f-5dd7-4833-880d-513218a03790/download/currentnaturalness.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-26T13:30:00", "description": "Estimated naturalness of 2,878 plots constantly monitored through NFI1 to NFI5.", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "7f14b212-9424-4829-a895-50f143a85a95", "last_modified": "2026-08-26T15:30:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:33:03.214066", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "Naturalness_NFI15.csv", "package_id": "313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47", "position": 4, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"1.3\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 1363149, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47/resource/7f14b212-9424-4829-a895-50f143a85a95/download/naturalness_nfi15.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-26T13:31:00", "description": "Predicted future naturalness of 2,878 NFI plots under three forest development scenarios using the predicted future site types (NaiS) of climate change scenario RCP85.", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "8c0222d2-f364-4e42-95b0-3b546d2119da", "last_modified": "2026-08-26T15:32:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:33:03.214145", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "Naturalness_RCP85.csv", "package_id": "313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47", "position": 5, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"864.96\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 885719, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47/resource/8c0222d2-f364-4e42-95b0-3b546d2119da/download/naturalness_rcp85.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-26T13:32:00", "description": "Subfunctions to produce the barplots.", "doi": "", "format": "r", "hash": "", "id": "ccaff130-36a8-426d-9dd2-68958c0ae12f", "last_modified": "2026-08-26T15:32:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:33:03.214224", "mimetype": "application/octet-stream", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "subfunctions.barplots.R", "package_id": "313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47", "position": 6, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"9.09\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 9308, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/313ebeaf-57e6-4078-954a-4e8aad66ed47/resource/ccaff130-36a8-426d-9dd2-68958c0ae12f/download/subfunctions.barplots.r", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "CLIMATE CHANGE", "id": "7586fd99-56bd-4c44-ace2-14d87ec1dd9b", "name": "CLIMATE CHANGE", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "FOREST ADAPTATION", "id": "c63863e2-23ec-411e-8c35-42f7e12d18cd", "name": "FOREST ADAPTATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "INDICATOR", "id": "be508c13-f2a2-42ba-9007-f1743abd19f5", "name": "INDICATOR", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "NATURALNESS", "id": "15561024-b52e-443c-82c3-9712b1eb2c61", "name": "NATURALNESS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "NFI", "id": "0a74eb64-cf7b-42df-b2d4-1a5ad8171458", "name": "NFI", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Katrin\", \"name\": \"Meusburger\", \"email\": \"katrin.meusburger@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0003-4623-6249\", \"affiliation\": \"Forest Soils and Biogeochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Christoph\", \"name\": \"Mullis\", \"email\": \"christoph.mullis@wsl.ch\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL \\u2014 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Jonas\", \"name\": \"Gisler\", \"email\": \"jonas.gisler@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Marcus\", \"name\": \"Schaub\", \"email\": \"marcus.schaub@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-0158-8892\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "7adc3018-86f4-481a-a55a-6f25a0dd3056", "date": "[{\"date_type\":\"created\",\"date\":\"2026-05-23\",\"end_date\":\"2026-05-23\",\"date_explanation\":\"Date range during which the research data was finalized or formally created\"},{\"date_type\":\"collected\",\"date\":\"2024-01-01\",\"end_date\":\"2025-12-31\",\"date_explanation\":\"Date range during which the research data was gathered or collected.\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.775", "funding": "[{\"institution\":\"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)\",\"grant_number\":\"206021_213382/1\",\"institution_url\":\"https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/vpdrought/\"}]", "id": "12bc2274-e48f-4ff1-8961-b86699aaa450", "isopen": true, "license_id": "cc-by", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"email\":\"katrin.meusburger@wsl.ch\",\"given_name\":\"Katrin\",\"name\":\"Meusburger\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-05-27T08:02:34.180182", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-27T07:51:28.444977", "name": "pfynwald-vpdrought-experiment-soil-parameters", "notes": "### Dataset content\nContinuous soil measurements (10-min resolution) from the Pfynwald long-term irrigation experiment, covering five treatments: **control, irrigation, irrigation+VPD, roof, roof+VPD**. \nMeasurements were taken at multiple plots and at three depths (-0.1, -0.8, -1.2 m below soil surface). \nSensors include TEROS-21 (matric potential), TEROS-12 (volumetric water content), TEROS-21 (soil temperature), and TEROS-12 (electrical conductivity).\n\n### Processing steps\n\n**1. Raw retrieval** from the LWF database (`ada.v_messvar`, project `Pfynwald irrigation`), 10-min cadence.\n**2. Range filtering** to remove physically implausible values:\n   - SWP: drop values \u2265 0 kPa or \u2264 \u22128000 kPa\n   - VWC: drop values \u2264 0 or > 0.8 m\u00b3/m\u00b3\n   - TEM: drop values > 40 \u00b0C or < \u221220 \u00b0C\n\n**3. Duplicate aggregation** within the same 10-min timestamp by mean (median for SWP).\n**4. Temperature correction (SWP_TC)**: matric potential is temperature-corrected using the TEROS-21 manufacturer equation referenced to T_ref = 20 \u00b0C:\n   - Convert SWP (kPa) to head h = |SWP|\u00b710.197, then pF = log10(h)\n   - \u0394pF = (919.890694\u00b7\u0394T \u2212 6.945352\u00b7\u0394T\u00b2)\u00b7exp(\u2212150.754657 / (pF + 9.153084))\n   - SWP_TC = \u221210^(pF + \u0394pF) / 10.197\n\n**5. No gap filling applied.** Missing values remain absent from the delivered CSV.\n\n### Methods\n- Database query and aggregation: R, `data.table`, `rLWFpg`\n- Temperature correction: in-house implementation of TEROS-21 manufacturer formula\n- See repository / script reference below\n\n### Limitations\n- Values flagged out of range during step 2 are absent (not interpolated)\n- Winter periods may include frozen-soil readings \u2014 these pass the range filter as physical sensor outputs but should be interpreted with caution by downstream users\n- SWP_TC rows carry the messvar_id of the underlying SWP sensor; the corresponding TEM sensor used for correction is paired via site/plot/depth/datetime but not encoded in the messvar_id\n- Sensor calibration uses manufacturer defaults; site-specific calibration was not performed\n- Roofs were installed in spring 2024. Readings under \"roof\" / \"roof_vpd\" treatments before that reflect ambient conditions, not the experimental treatment.\n- In 2025, three additional TEROS-21 sensors were added per roofed treatment at 10 cm depth to obtain a balanced sample relative to roof position (under panels, at panel edges, and in inter-panel gaps). \n  This expansion means roofed treatments have six positions at 10 cm from 2025 onward, compared to three before.\n\n \n### Data access and additional requests\nPublic resources associated with this record can be accessed directly through EnviDat. To request additional VPDrought or LWF data\u2014for example, other variables, time periods, temporal resolutions, raw measurements, or customized data extracts\u2014please use the [LWF Data Request Tool](https://webapps.wsl.ch/lwf-data-request-form/). ", "num_resources": 3, "num_tags": 12, "organization": {"id": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "name": "pfynwald", "title": "Pfynwald", "type": "organization", "description": "At the beginning of this century, numerous Scots pines in the Rhone Valley, one of the driest inner alpine valleys of the European Alps, situated between Brig and Sion (Canton Valais), started showing symptoms of drought. Many older trees had already died. To investigate the causes of the pine dieback, the WSL launched a long-term irrigation experiment in the Pfyn-Finges Nature Park in summer 2003. Since then, the WSL has been comparing the responses of several hundred Scots pines in irrigated forest plots with those of trees that continued to receive only the natural amount of precipitation.\r\n\r\nSince 2024, we have implemented an additional, world-wide unique approach to disentangle the processes affected by atmospheric and soil droughts. For more details, see VPDrought-Experiment.\r\n\r\n[here is the link](https://www.wsl.ch/de/ueber-die-wsl/versuchsanlagen-und-labors/flaechen-im-wald/die-forschungsplattform-pfynwald/)", "image_url": "", "created": "2026-04-09T08:06:02.775312", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publisher\":\"EnviDat\",\"publication_year\":\"2026\"}", "publication_state": "published", "related_datasets": "- [Pfynwald long-term experimental irrigation site](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.599)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters and manipulations](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.798)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment stem radius changes (TreeNet)](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.751)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment sap flow parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.750)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment canopy temperature parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.776)", "related_publications": "", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[7.6121082,46.3027884]}]}", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "Pfynwald VPDrought experiment soil parameters", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "version": "", "extras": [{"key": "deprecatedResources", "value": "[]"}], "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-27T07:50:00", "description": "### Data access and additional requests\nPublic resources associated with this record can be accessed directly through EnviDat. To request additional VPDrought or LWF data\u2014for example, other variables, time periods, temporal resolutions, raw measurements, or customized data extracts\u2014please use the [LWF Data Request Tool](https://webapps.wsl.ch/lwf-data-request-form/). ", "doi": "", "format": "url", "hash": "", "id": "37fbb0de-9301-45b7-9255-923fd8c4ef98", "last_modified": "2026-08-27T09:51:27.619000", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-27T07:51:27.982705", "mimetype": null, "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "Data request form", "package_id": "12bc2274-e48f-4ff1-8961-b86699aaa450", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"1\",\"size_units\":\"b\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 1, "state": "active", "url": "https://webapps.wsl.ch/lwf-data-request-form/", "url_type": null}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-05-27T08:04:00", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "3606ad5b-f308-4bfc-8aa4-db5b017ee47a", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-08-27T07:51:27.982834", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_soil_10Minutes_2024.zip", "package_id": "12bc2274-e48f-4ff1-8961-b86699aaa450", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"56.29\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 59024343, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/12bc2274-e48f-4ff1-8961-b86699aaa450/resource/3606ad5b-f308-4bfc-8aa4-db5b017ee47a/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_soil_10minutes_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-05-27T08:05:00", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "edaa3e3a-1045-4d2f-952f-e23689c20bb9", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-08-27T07:51:27.982975", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_soil_10Minutes_2025.zip", "package_id": "12bc2274-e48f-4ff1-8961-b86699aaa450", "position": 2, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"63.13\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 66196603, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/12bc2274-e48f-4ff1-8961-b86699aaa450/resource/edaa3e3a-1045-4d2f-952f-e23689c20bb9/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_soil_10minutes_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "DROUGHT EXPERIMENT", "id": "0984d92e-2c91-4a1a-a43e-bc54ccc21e9a", "name": "DROUGHT EXPERIMENT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY", "id": "97168365-dcd0-462b-87de-c6cecf6be777", "name": "ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IRRIGATION", "id": "1a648ed1-22b5-43f3-afb1-42a4a0dca95f", "name": "IRRIGATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IRRIGATION MANIPULATION", "id": "1f03a64d-e6dc-4937-a30e-f052f06d262e", "name": "IRRIGATION MANIPULATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PFYNWALD", "id": "a64b32a3-f62d-42e3-a216-7edf41398b0a", "name": "PFYNWALD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "id": "9ceddae3-18b3-4ba8-bcce-2ea3ce4a3bbe", "name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SOIL MOISTURE", "id": "97c56aa9-cbb2-4c0e-b41f-cf368a3990d0", "name": "SOIL MOISTURE", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SOIL TEMPERATURE", "id": "a587f40d-320d-4ec1-84a9-51110fa3aa06", "name": "SOIL TEMPERATURE", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "TEROS-12", "id": "80ca4420-05ae-46c7-95b1-d3d688bdfa16", "name": "TEROS-12", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "TEROS-21", "id": "e525e636-1470-40b3-bb31-e7b4999dad0d", "name": "TEROS-21", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPDROUGHT", "id": "e8b13462-b140-4bde-936f-63cb247262dc", "name": "VPDROUGHT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "WATER POTENTIAL", "id": "36816274-62db-4582-bdd9-284885b92b70", "name": "WATER POTENTIAL", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Stefan\", \"name\": \"Hunziker\", \"email\": \"stefan.hunziker@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0001-6900-5684\", \"affiliation\": \"Forest and Soil Ecology, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Jonas\", \"name\": \"Gisler\", \"email\": \"jonas.gisler@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Volodymyr\", \"name\": \"Trotsiuk\", \"email\": \"volodymyr.trotsiuk@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-8363-656X\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Marcus\", \"name\": \"Schaub\", \"email\": \"marcus.schaub@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-0158-8892\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "7adc3018-86f4-481a-a55a-6f25a0dd3056", "date": "[{\"date_type\":\"created\",\"date\":\"2026-08-18\",\"end_date\":\"2026-08-18\"},{\"date_type\":\"collected\",\"date\":\"2024-01-01\",\"end_date\":\"2025-12-31\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.798", "funding": "[{\"institution\":\"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)\",\"grant_number\":\"206021_213382 / 1\",\"institution_url\":\"https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/vpdrought/\"}]", "id": "a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0", "isopen": true, "license_id": "cc-by", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"email\":\"stefan.hunziker@wsl.ch\",\"given_name\":\"Stefan\",\"name\":\"Hunziker\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-08-19T06:24:53.114391", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:49:49.830317", "name": "pfynwald-vpdrought-experiment-atmospheric-parameters-and-manipulations", "notes": "This dataset contains the main atmospheric measurements and treatment information from the VPDrought experiment conducted at the Pfynwald research platform. It comprises three types of data files: \n- Over canopy meteorological data (*pfynwald_vpdrought_meteo_oc_1Minutes_year.txt*): In-situ measurements from the meteorological station located above the canopy. These measurements represent atmospheric conditions above the canopy and are not affected by the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) manipulation treatment. The data are provided at 1-minute resolution and include precipitation, air temperature, relative humidity, VPD, global radiation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), wind speed, and wind direction.\n- In canopy meteorological data (*pfynwald_vpdrought_meteo_ic_1Minutes_year.txt*): Aggregated measurements from multiple measurement points within the canopy at 1-minute resolution. Depending on the parameter, measurements are either distinguished between ambient and VPD manipulated conditions or, for parameters unaffected by the VPD manipulation, provided as a single aggregated variable. The data include air temperature, relative humidity, VPD, wind speed, wind direction, and the operation status of the VPD reduction system.\n- Irrigation data (*pfynwald_vpdrought_irrigation_1Day_year.txt*): Daily irrigation sums aggregated across the four irrigated sub-plots 2, 3, 6, and 7. \n\n \n### Quality control and gap filling\n\nAll meteorological and treatment data were subjected to a combined automatic and visual quality-control (QC) procedure before gap filling. The procedure included parameter-specific hard-limit, temporal-consistency, consecutive-value, and spatial-consistency checks, followed by visual inspection of suspicious values and measurement periods. Implausible values were excluded.\n\nAfter QC, the resulting time series were completely gap filled. The gap filling method was selected according to the characteristics of the individual parameter and the available reference data. Short gaps were filled by linear interpolation, whereas longer gaps were filled using parameter-specific approaches, including fitting external reference data or using valid observations from preceding and following days at the same time of day.\n\nThe resulting data classes are specified in the data files:\n- _observed_ = directly measured value that passed the QC procedure \n- _corrected_ = measured value to which a correction was applied \n- _derived_ = value derived from multiple observations\n- _estimated_ = value estimated to fill a missing or excluded observation \n\nIn the data files, the *quality_flag* indicates the quality and origin of each value, with 1 representing the highest quality and 3 the lowest. For values with a *quality_flag* >1, as well as for estimated or corrected values, a specific comment provides additional information on the method used to obtain the value and/or the reason for the reduced quality.\n\nThe resulting datasets provide continuous time series at their respective temporal resolutions while retaining information on the origin and quality of each value. Detailed descriptions of the parameter-specific processing and gap filling approaches are provided with the respective data files.\n\n### Treatment and measurement conditions\n\n- Irrigation and VPD reduction were generally limited to the period May to September.\n- Irrigation added approximately 600 mm of water per year.\n- The VPD reduction system was mostly operating during periods of high VPD, typically from late morning to the evening. During system operation, VPD was reduced by approximately 25%.\n- During a few periods, treatments could not be applied (e.g., due to power cuts, lack of available water, or technical failures).\n- In canopy measurements were conducted in the center of the tree crowns, exposed either to ambient atmospheric conditions or to the VPD reduced conditions. The measurements are representative of the VPD treatment effects, although some gradients in VPD reduction occurred within the VPD reduced canopies.\n\n \n### For further information, see:\n\n- Schaub, M., Hunziker, S., Gisler, J., Bortolami, G., Trotsiuk, V., Meusburger, K., Hug, C., Rigling, A., Gessler, A. & Grossiord, C. Disentangling atmospheric and soil drought: A new stand-level manipulation approach for mature forests. Manuscript under review at New Phytologist.\n\n \n### Data access and additional requests\nPublic resources associated with this record can be accessed directly through EnviDat. To request additional VPDrought or LWF data\u2014for example, other variables, time periods, temporal resolutions, raw measurements, or customized data extracts\u2014please use the [LWF Data Request Tool](https://webapps.wsl.ch/lwf-data-request-form/). \n", "num_resources": 7, "num_tags": 20, "organization": {"id": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "name": "pfynwald", "title": "Pfynwald", "type": "organization", "description": "At the beginning of this century, numerous Scots pines in the Rhone Valley, one of the driest inner alpine valleys of the European Alps, situated between Brig and Sion (Canton Valais), started showing symptoms of drought. Many older trees had already died. To investigate the causes of the pine dieback, the WSL launched a long-term irrigation experiment in the Pfyn-Finges Nature Park in summer 2003. Since then, the WSL has been comparing the responses of several hundred Scots pines in irrigated forest plots with those of trees that continued to receive only the natural amount of precipitation.\r\n\r\nSince 2024, we have implemented an additional, world-wide unique approach to disentangle the processes affected by atmospheric and soil droughts. For more details, see VPDrought-Experiment.\r\n\r\n[here is the link](https://www.wsl.ch/de/ueber-die-wsl/versuchsanlagen-und-labors/flaechen-im-wald/die-forschungsplattform-pfynwald/)", "image_url": "", "created": "2026-04-09T08:06:02.775312", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publisher\":\"EnviDat\",\"publication_year\":\"2026\"}", "publication_state": "published", "related_datasets": "- [Pfynwald long-term experimental irrigation site](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.599)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment stem radius changes (TreeNet)](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.751)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment sap flow parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.750)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment soil parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.775)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment canopy temperature parameter](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.776)", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[7.6121082,46.3027884]}]}", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters and manipulations", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "version": "", "extras": [{"key": "deprecatedResources", "value": "[]"}], "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T10:31:00", "description": "# Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters in canopy and VPD manipulation\n&nbsp;\n\n**Content**\n\nThe dataset contains aggregated 1-minute meteorological measurements from the VPDrought experiment at the Pfynwald research platform. It includes in canopy measurements for ambient (*\\_amb*) and VPD-reduced (*\\_manip*) conditions. Parameters unaffected by the VPD manipulation were not distinguished between ambient and manipulated conditions:\n\n- Air temperature (*TA\\_ic\\_amb* and *TA\\_ic\\_manip*)\n- Relative humidity (*RH\\_ic\\_amb* and *RH\\_ic\\_manip*)\n- Vapor pressure deficit (*VPD\\_ic\\_amb* and *VPD\\_ic\\_manip*)\n- Wind speed (*WS\\_ic*)\n- Wind direction (*WD\\_ic*)\n- VPD manipulation operation status (*OPERATION\\_STATUS*), indicating whether the VPD reduction system was operating:\n  - 0 = system not operating\n  - 1 = system operating\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Measurements were aggregated to one value per parameter and timestamp using the median across available sensors.\n- For wind direction, a circular median was used. If no clear wind direction could be determined from the valid values (e.g., the circular median of 90\u00b0 and 270\u00b0 results in NA), these missing values were filled by circular interpolation between the preceding and following aggregated values.\n- The operation status indicates whether the VPD manipulation system was operating. A timestamp was classified as operational when water pressure was >60 bar and at least one valve was open, with an open valve defined as valve state < \u22120.99.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality\\_flag* describes the completeness and consistency of the underlying measurements for each parameter and timestamp:\n\n- 1 = sufficient valid measurements; no quality issue identified\n- 2 = less than 50% of the expected measurements were available\n- 3 = only one valid measurement was available\n- For *OPERATION\\_STATUS*, quality flag 2 is assigned when an individual valve state deviates from the median valve state by more than 0.4 during periods when water pressure was >60 bar.\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information when a quality issue was identified.\n\nFor meteorological variables, comments indicate limited data availability:\n\n- *less\\_than\\_50%\\_valid\\_measurement\\_values* = fewer than half of the expected measurements were valid\n- *only\\_1\\_valid\\_measurement\\_value* = only one valid measurement was available\n\nFor *OPERATION\\_STATUS*, the *comment* identifies individual scaffolds whose valve state deviated from those of the other scaffolds during system operation. For example, *treatment\\_deviation\\_PFY\\_SC03\\_PFY\\_SC10* indicates that VPD reduction on scaffold 3 and 10 deviated from the median VPD reduction across scaffolds. Consequently, trees around these scaffolds were exposed to VPD conditions that deviated from the intended treatment.\n", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "c251e9b2-4dcd-453c-a164-fda0dce7ec7a", "last_modified": "2026-08-25T16:30:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:49:49.079242", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_ic_2024.zip", "package_id": "a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"18.88\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 19797115, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/c251e9b2-4dcd-453c-a164-fda0dce7ec7a/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_ic_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-26T09:07:00", "description": "### Data access and additional requests\n\nPublic resources associated with this record can be accessed directly through EnviDat. To request additional VPDrought or LWF data\u2014for example, other variables, time periods, temporal resolutions, raw measurements, or customized data extracts\u2014please use the [LWF Data Request Tool](https://webapps.wsl.ch/lwf-data-request-form/).", "doi": "", "format": "url", "hash": "", "id": "757a5ac4-79be-44ed-b57c-558837a28f30", "last_modified": "2026-08-26T15:46:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:49:49.079374", "mimetype": null, "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "Data request form", "package_id": "a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"1\",\"size_units\":\"b\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 1, "state": "active", "url": "https://webapps.wsl.ch/lwf-data-request-form/", "url_type": null}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T10:32:00", "description": "# Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters over canopy\n&nbsp;\n\n**Content**\n\nThe dataset contains 1-minute meteorological measurements from a meteorological station located above the canopy at the VPDrought experimental site at the Pfynwald research platform:\n\n- Precipitation\n- Air temperature\n- Relative humidity\n- Vapor pressure deficit (VPD)\n- Global radiation\n- Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)\n- Wind speed\n- Wind direction\n\n&nbsp;\n**General gap-filling approach**\n\nShort gaps were filled by linear interpolation, whereas longer gaps were filled either by fitting external data or by averaging valid observations from preceding and following time steps at the same time of day. Directly measured values are labelled as observed in the *valtype* column, values to which a correction has been applied are labelled as corrected, and values used to fill gaps are labelled as estimated. The *quality_flag* provides information on the quality and origin of each value, while the *comment* column provides more specific information for values that have been corrected or estimated.\n\n&nbsp;\n**Precipitation**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the preceding and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- 10-minute data blocks with remaining missing values were filled using MeteoSwiss precipitation data from the nearby station Sierre. The MeteoSwiss 10-minute precipitation totals were divided equally among the corresponding ten estimated 1-minute values.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each precipitation value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 minutes\n- 3 = value estimated using MeteoSwiss Sierre 10-minute precipitation data\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated precipitation values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *meteoswiss_sierre_10min* = missing value estimated from the corresponding MeteoSwiss Sierre 10-minute precipitation total, distributed equally across the ten 1-minute records\n\n&nbsp;\n**Air temperature and Relative humidity**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- Remaining missing values were estimated using aggregated ambient measurements of the corresponding variable measured in the canopy. The difference between valid above canopy and in canopy measurements was used as an additive correction to estimate above canopy values from the in canopy measurements.\n- For gaps of \u22643 hours, the additive correction was linearly interpolated between the correction values immediately before and after the gap. The interpolated correction was then added to the in canopy ambient measurement.\n- For gaps of >3 hours, the gap was divided into three sections: a first hour, a middle section, and a last hour. For the first hour, the additive correction at the last valid above canopy measurement before the gap was linearly interpolated to the correction estimated for the first timestamp of the middle section. For the last hour, the correction was linearly interpolated from the correction estimated for the last timestamp of the middle section to the correction at the first valid above canopy measurement after the gap. For the middle section, the additive correction at each timestamp was estimated as the mean of the nearest valid above canopy and in canopy differences at the same hour and minute before and after the target timestamp. The resulting correction was then added to the corresponding in canopy ambient measurement to estimate the missing above canopy value.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 minutes\n- 3 = value estimated using fitted in canopy ambient measurements\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *fitted_in_canopy_ambient* = missing value estimated from aggregated in canopy ambient measurements using an additive correction to account for the difference between in canopy and above canopy measurements\n\n&nbsp;\n**VPD**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- Remaining missing values were estimated using aggregated ambient VPD measured in the canopy. The relationship between valid above canopy and in canopy VPD was used as a correction to adjust the in canopy measurements to above canopy conditions.\n- For gaps of \u22643 hours, the correction was linearly interpolated between the correction values immediately before and after the gap. A multiplicative correction factor was used when both boundary corrections were expressed as factors (VPD \u2265 0.5 kPa). If either boundary correction was an additive offset (VPD < 0.5 kPa), both corrections were expressed as additive offsets and interpolated linearly. The interpolated correction was then applied to the in canopy VPD to estimate above canopy VPD.\n- For gaps of >3 hours, the gap was divided into three sections: a first hour, a middle section, and a last hour. For the first hour, the correction at the last valid above canopy measurement before the gap was linearly interpolated to the correction estimated for the first timestamp of the middle section. For the last hour, the correction was linearly interpolated from the correction estimated for the last timestamp of the middle section to the correction at the first valid above canopy measurement after the gap. For the middle section, the correction at each timestamp was estimated as the mean of the nearest valid above canopy and in canopy VPD relationships at the same hour and minute before and after the target timestamp. A multiplicative correction was used when both reference corrections were factors (i.e. all reference VPD values were \u2265 0.5 kPa). When either reference correction was an additive offset, both corrections were converted to additive offsets and applied additively. Thus, the correction method could switch between multiplicative and additive depending on the VPD level and the available reference observations. The resulting correction was then applied to the corresponding in canopy VPD to estimate the missing above canopy VPD.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each VPD value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 minutes\n- 3 = value estimated using in canopy ambient VPD and a fitted correction\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated VPD values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *fitted_in_canopy_ambient* = missing value estimated from aggregated in canopy ambient VPD using a fitted correction to account for the difference between in canopy and above canopy VPD\n\n&nbsp;\n**Global radiation and PAR**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- For global radiation, measured values below 4 were set to 0 to account for sensor noise around 0 under low-light conditions. These values were identified as corrected and assigned the comment *nighttime_noise_removed*.\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u226410 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- For gaps of >10 consecutive values, missing values were estimated from observations at the same time of day on other days. The nearest valid observation before and after each missing timestamp was identified by stepping backward and forward in 24-hour increments. Only observations with *quality_flag* <3 were used as references. The estimated value was calculated as the mean of these two observations.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u226410 consecutive values\n- 3 = value estimated using valid observations at the same time of day on preceding and following days\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on corrected or estimated values:\n\n- *nighttime_noise_removed* = measured value below 4 set to 0 to account for low-light sensor noise (only for global radiation)\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *mean_of_previous_and_following_valid_messval_same_time_of_day* = missing value estimated as the mean of valid observations at the same time of day before and after the gap\n\n&nbsp;\n**Wind speed**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- Remaining missing values were estimated using aggregated ambient in canopy wind speed. The relationship between valid above canopy and in canopy wind speed was used as a correction to adjust the in canopy measurements to above canopy conditions.\n- For gaps of \u22643 hours, the correction was linearly interpolated between the correction values immediately before and after the gap. A multiplicative correction factor was used when both boundary corrections were expressed as factors (wind speed in canopy \u22650.4 m s\u207b\u00b9). If either boundary correction was an additive offset (wind speed in canopy <0.4 m s\u207b\u00b9), both corrections were expressed as additive offsets and interpolated linearly. The interpolated correction was then applied to the in canopy wind speed to estimate above canopy wind speed.\n- For gaps of >3 hours, the gap was divided into three sections: a first hour, a middle section, and a last hour. For the first hour, the correction at the last valid above canopy measurement before the gap was linearly interpolated to the correction estimated for the first timestamp of the middle section. For the last hour, the correction was linearly interpolated from the correction estimated for the last timestamp of the middle section to the correction at the first valid above canopy measurement after the gap. For the middle section, the correction at each timestamp was estimated as the mean of the nearest valid above canopy and in canopy wind speed relationships at the same hour and minute before and after the target timestamp. A multiplicative correction was used when both reference corrections were factors (i.e. all reference in canopy wind speeds were \u22650.4 m s\u207b\u00b9). When either reference correction was an additive offset, both corrections were converted to additive offsets and applied additively. Thus, the correction method could switch between multiplicative and additive depending on the wind speed level and the available reference observations. The resulting correction was then applied to the corresponding in canopy wind speed to estimate the missing above canopy wind speed.\n- Negative estimated wind speed values resulting from the correction procedure were set to 0.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 minutes\n- 3 = value estimated using in canopy ambient wind speed and a fitted correction\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *fitted_in_canopy_ambient* = missing value estimated from aggregated ambient in canopy wind speed using a fitted correction to account for the difference between in canopy and above canopy wind speed\n\n&nbsp;\n**Wind direction**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing wind direction values were linearly interpolated on a circular scale when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- Remaining missing values were estimated using aggregated ambient in canopy wind direction. The relationship between valid above canopy and in canopy wind direction was used as an additive circular correction to adjust the in canopy measurements to above canopy conditions.\n- For gaps of \u22643 hours, the circular correction was linearly interpolated between the correction values immediately before and after the gap. The shortest angular difference between the two corrections was used, and the interpolated correction was applied to the in canopy wind direction.\n- For gaps of >3 hours, the gap was divided into three sections: a first hour, a middle section, and a last hour. For the first hour, the correction at the last valid above canopy measurement before the gap was circularly interpolated to the correction estimated for the first timestamp of the middle section. For the last hour, the correction was circularly interpolated from the correction estimated for the last timestamp of the middle section to the correction at the first valid above canopy measurement after the gap. For the middle section, the correction at each timestamp was estimated as the circular mean of the nearest valid above canopy and in canopy wind direction relationships at the same hour and minute before and after the target timestamp. The shortest angular difference was used when interpolating between corrections, and all corrections were applied additively to the corresponding in canopy wind direction. The resulting circular correction was then applied to the corresponding in canopy wind direction to estimate the missing above canopy wind direction.\n- If the result of a circular mean was undefined because the values were diametrically opposed (e.g., 90\u00b0 and 270\u00b0), the first value was adjusted internally by +1\u00b0 (circularly) and the circular mean was recalculated.\n- The final estimated values were circularly rounded to integer degrees from 0 to 359.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each wind direction value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by circular linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 consecutive values\n- 3 = value estimated using in canopy ambient wind direction and a fitted circular correction\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated wind direction values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by circular linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *fitted_in_canopy_ambient* = missing value estimated from aggregated ambient in canopy wind direction using a fitted circular correction to account for the difference between in canopy and above canopy wind direction\n", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "3d4822ac-4fe2-4c94-8904-6412eec60785", "last_modified": "2026-08-25T16:32:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:49:49.079471", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_oc_2024.zip", "package_id": "a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0", "position": 2, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"16.98\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 17804820, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/3d4822ac-4fe2-4c94-8904-6412eec60785/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_oc_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T10:32:00", "description": "# Pfynwald VPDrought experiment irrigation\n&nbsp;\n\n**Content**\n\nDaily irrigation sums (mm) from the VPDrought experiment, aggregated across the four irrigated sub-plots (2, 3, 6, and 7) at the Pfynwald research platform. Scaffolds 3, 4, 10, 14, 15, and 901 are located on these irrigated sub-plots.\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Irrigation measurements \u2264 1 mm were excluded, as these small values are considered non-relevant and result from maintenance activities.\n- Irrigation generally occurred during the night over a period of approximately 3.5 hours. For the few irrigation events outside this period, measurements were assigned to an irrigation day as follows:\n  - measurements up to 19:00 UTC: same day\n  - measurements after 19:00 UTC: following day\n- Daily irrigation amounts were calculated separately for each sub-plot by summing up all irrigation measurements assigned to the same day.\n- The median of the four sub-plot amounts was used as the final daily irrigation sum.\n- All daily irrigation sums were assigned to the timestamp 02:00 UTC.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality\\_flag* indicates the consistency of irrigation sums among the four sub-plots for each daily timestamp. Individual sub-plot values were compared with the daily median using a 10% deviation threshold:\n\n- 1 = no quality issue identified\n- 2 = one or two sub-plot values deviate by more than 10% from the daily median\n- 3 = more than two sub-plot values deviate by more than 10% from the daily median\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column identifies the sub-plots responsible for deviations. For example, *treatment\\_deviation\\_pl2\\_pl7* indicates that the irrigation sums on sub-plots 2 and 7 deviated by more than 10% from the daily median. If no sub-plot deviation occurred, *comment* is empty.\n", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "6b38bacf-0a45-4d3d-86af-b8af5dfe8bcd", "last_modified": "2026-08-25T16:32:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:49:49.079554", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_irrigation_2025.zip", "package_id": "a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0", "position": 3, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"21.52\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 22036, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/6b38bacf-0a45-4d3d-86af-b8af5dfe8bcd/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_irrigation_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T10:32:00", "description": "# Pfynwald VPDrought experiment irrigation\n&nbsp;\n\n**Content**\n\nDaily irrigation sums (mm) from the VPDrought experiment, aggregated across the four irrigated sub-plots (2, 3, 6, and 7) at the Pfynwald research platform. Scaffolds 3, 4, 10, 14, 15, and 901 are located on these irrigated sub-plots.\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Irrigation measurements \u2264 1 mm were excluded, as these small values are considered non-relevant and result from maintenance activities.\n- Irrigation generally occurred during the night over a period of approximately 3.5 hours. For the few irrigation events outside this period, measurements were assigned to an irrigation day as follows:\n  - measurements up to 19:00 UTC: same day\n  - measurements after 19:00 UTC: following day\n- Daily irrigation amounts were calculated separately for each sub-plot by summing up all irrigation measurements assigned to the same day.\n- The median of the four sub-plot amounts was used as the final daily irrigation sum.\n- All daily irrigation sums were assigned to the timestamp 02:00 UTC.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality\\_flag* indicates the consistency of irrigation sums among the four sub-plots for each daily timestamp. Individual sub-plot values were compared with the daily median using a 10% deviation threshold:\n\n- 1 = no quality issue identified\n- 2 = one or two sub-plot values deviate by more than 10% from the daily median\n- 3 = more than two sub-plot values deviate by more than 10% from the daily median\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column identifies the sub-plots responsible for deviations. For example, *treatment\\_deviation\\_pl2\\_pl7* indicates that the irrigation sums on sub-plots 2 and 7 deviated by more than 10% from the daily median. If no sub-plot deviation occurred, *comment* is empty.\n", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "667bd594-5d6b-4160-ad54-e2b40182333c", "last_modified": "2026-08-25T16:32:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:49:49.079637", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_irrigation_2024.zip", "package_id": "a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0", "position": 4, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"21.61\",\"size_units\":\"kb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 22129, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/667bd594-5d6b-4160-ad54-e2b40182333c/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_irrigation_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T10:32:00", "description": "# Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters in canopy and VPD manipulation\n&nbsp;\n\n**Content**\n\nThe dataset contains aggregated 1-minute meteorological measurements from the VPDrought experiment at the Pfynwald research platform. It includes in canopy measurements for ambient (*\\_amb*) and VPD-reduced (*\\_manip*) conditions. Parameters unaffected by the VPD manipulation were not distinguished between ambient and manipulated conditions:\n\n- Air temperature (*TA\\_ic\\_amb* and *TA\\_ic\\_manip*)\n- Relative humidity (*RH\\_ic\\_amb* and *RH\\_ic\\_manip*)\n- Vapor pressure deficit (*VPD\\_ic\\_amb* and *VPD\\_ic\\_manip*)\n- Wind speed (*WS\\_ic*)\n- Wind direction (*WD\\_ic*)\n- VPD manipulation operation status (*OPERATION\\_STATUS*), indicating whether the VPD reduction system was operating:\n  - 0 = system not operating\n  - 1 = system operating\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Measurements were aggregated to one value per parameter and timestamp using the median across available sensors.\n- For wind direction, a circular median was used. If no clear wind direction could be determined from the valid values (e.g., the circular median of 90\u00b0 and 270\u00b0 results in NA), these missing values were filled by circular interpolation between the preceding and following aggregated values.\n- The operation status indicates whether the VPD manipulation system was operating. A timestamp was classified as operational when water pressure was >60 bar and at least one valve was open, with an open valve defined as valve state < \u22120.99.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality\\_flag* describes the completeness and consistency of the underlying measurements for each parameter and timestamp:\n\n- 1 = sufficient valid measurements; no quality issue identified\n- 2 = less than 50% of the expected measurements were available\n- 3 = only one valid measurement was available\n- For *OPERATION\\_STATUS*, quality flag 2 is assigned when an individual valve state deviates from the median valve state by more than 0.4 during periods when water pressure was >60 bar.\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information when a quality issue was identified.\n\nFor meteorological variables, comments indicate limited data availability:\n\n- *less\\_than\\_50%\\_valid\\_measurement\\_values* = fewer than half of the expected measurements were valid\n- *only\\_1\\_valid\\_measurement\\_value* = only one valid measurement was available\n\nFor *OPERATION\\_STATUS*, the *comment* identifies individual scaffolds whose valve state deviated from those of the other scaffolds during system operation. For example, *treatment\\_deviation\\_PFY\\_SC03\\_PFY\\_SC10* indicates that VPD reduction on scaffold 3 and 10 deviated from the median VPD reduction across scaffolds. Consequently, trees around these scaffolds were exposed to VPD conditions that deviated from the intended treatment.\n", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "0f80143c-7ef7-43a1-a2d6-4b75c5453bf2", "last_modified": "2026-08-25T16:30:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:49:49.079720", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_ic_2025.zip", "package_id": "a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0", "position": 5, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"19.04\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 19964887, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/0f80143c-7ef7-43a1-a2d6-4b75c5453bf2/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_ic_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T10:32:00", "description": "# Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters over canopy\n&nbsp;\n\n**Content**\n\nThe dataset contains 1-minute meteorological measurements from a meteorological station located above the canopy at the VPDrought experimental site at the Pfynwald research platform:\n\n- Precipitation\n- Air temperature\n- Relative humidity\n- Vapor pressure deficit (VPD)\n- Global radiation\n- Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR)\n- Wind speed\n- Wind direction\n\n&nbsp;\n**General gap-filling approach**\n\nShort gaps were filled by linear interpolation, whereas longer gaps were filled either by fitting external data or by averaging valid observations from preceding and following time steps at the same time of day. Directly measured values are labelled as observed in the *valtype* column, values to which a correction has been applied are labelled as corrected, and values used to fill gaps are labelled as estimated. The *quality_flag* provides information on the quality and origin of each value, while the *comment* column provides more specific information for values that have been corrected or estimated.\n\n&nbsp;\n**Precipitation**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the preceding and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- 10-minute data blocks with remaining missing values were filled using MeteoSwiss precipitation data from the nearby station Sierre. The MeteoSwiss 10-minute precipitation totals were divided equally among the corresponding ten estimated 1-minute values.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each precipitation value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 minutes\n- 3 = value estimated using MeteoSwiss Sierre 10-minute precipitation data\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated precipitation values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *meteoswiss_sierre_10min* = missing value estimated from the corresponding MeteoSwiss Sierre 10-minute precipitation total, distributed equally across the ten 1-minute records\n\n&nbsp;\n**Air temperature and Relative humidity**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- Remaining missing values were estimated using aggregated ambient measurements of the corresponding variable measured in the canopy. The difference between valid above canopy and in canopy measurements was used as an additive correction to estimate above canopy values from the in canopy measurements.\n- For gaps of \u22643 hours, the additive correction was linearly interpolated between the correction values immediately before and after the gap. The interpolated correction was then added to the in canopy ambient measurement.\n- For gaps of >3 hours, the gap was divided into three sections: a first hour, a middle section, and a last hour. For the first hour, the additive correction at the last valid above canopy measurement before the gap was linearly interpolated to the correction estimated for the first timestamp of the middle section. For the last hour, the correction was linearly interpolated from the correction estimated for the last timestamp of the middle section to the correction at the first valid above canopy measurement after the gap. For the middle section, the additive correction at each timestamp was estimated as the mean of the nearest valid above canopy and in canopy differences at the same hour and minute before and after the target timestamp. The resulting correction was then added to the corresponding in canopy ambient measurement to estimate the missing above canopy value.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 minutes\n- 3 = value estimated using fitted in canopy ambient measurements\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *fitted_in_canopy_ambient* = missing value estimated from aggregated in canopy ambient measurements using an additive correction to account for the difference between in canopy and above canopy measurements\n\n&nbsp;\n**VPD**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- Remaining missing values were estimated using aggregated ambient VPD measured in the canopy. The relationship between valid above canopy and in canopy VPD was used as a correction to adjust the in canopy measurements to above canopy conditions.\n- For gaps of \u22643 hours, the correction was linearly interpolated between the correction values immediately before and after the gap. A multiplicative correction factor was used when both boundary corrections were expressed as factors (VPD \u2265 0.5 kPa). If either boundary correction was an additive offset (VPD < 0.5 kPa), both corrections were expressed as additive offsets and interpolated linearly. The interpolated correction was then applied to the in canopy VPD to estimate above canopy VPD.\n- For gaps of >3 hours, the gap was divided into three sections: a first hour, a middle section, and a last hour. For the first hour, the correction at the last valid above canopy measurement before the gap was linearly interpolated to the correction estimated for the first timestamp of the middle section. For the last hour, the correction was linearly interpolated from the correction estimated for the last timestamp of the middle section to the correction at the first valid above canopy measurement after the gap. For the middle section, the correction at each timestamp was estimated as the mean of the nearest valid above canopy and in canopy VPD relationships at the same hour and minute before and after the target timestamp. A multiplicative correction was used when both reference corrections were factors (i.e. all reference VPD values were \u2265 0.5 kPa). When either reference correction was an additive offset, both corrections were converted to additive offsets and applied additively. Thus, the correction method could switch between multiplicative and additive depending on the VPD level and the available reference observations. The resulting correction was then applied to the corresponding in canopy VPD to estimate the missing above canopy VPD.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each VPD value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 minutes\n- 3 = value estimated using in canopy ambient VPD and a fitted correction\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated VPD values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *fitted_in_canopy_ambient* = missing value estimated from aggregated in canopy ambient VPD using a fitted correction to account for the difference between in canopy and above canopy VPD\n\n&nbsp;\n**Global radiation and PAR**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- For global radiation, measured values below 4 were set to 0 to account for sensor noise around 0 under low-light conditions. These values were identified as corrected and assigned the comment *nighttime_noise_removed*.\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u226410 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- For gaps of >10 consecutive values, missing values were estimated from observations at the same time of day on other days. The nearest valid observation before and after each missing timestamp was identified by stepping backward and forward in 24-hour increments. Only observations with *quality_flag* <3 were used as references. The estimated value was calculated as the mean of these two observations.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u226410 consecutive values\n- 3 = value estimated using valid observations at the same time of day on preceding and following days\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on corrected or estimated values:\n\n- *nighttime_noise_removed* = measured value below 4 set to 0 to account for low-light sensor noise (only for global radiation)\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *mean_of_previous_and_following_valid_messval_same_time_of_day* = missing value estimated as the mean of valid observations at the same time of day before and after the gap\n\n&nbsp;\n**Wind speed**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing values were linearly interpolated when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- Remaining missing values were estimated using aggregated ambient in canopy wind speed. The relationship between valid above canopy and in canopy wind speed was used as a correction to adjust the in canopy measurements to above canopy conditions.\n- For gaps of \u22643 hours, the correction was linearly interpolated between the correction values immediately before and after the gap. A multiplicative correction factor was used when both boundary corrections were expressed as factors (wind speed in canopy \u22650.4 m s\u207b\u00b9). If either boundary correction was an additive offset (wind speed in canopy <0.4 m s\u207b\u00b9), both corrections were expressed as additive offsets and interpolated linearly. The interpolated correction was then applied to the in canopy wind speed to estimate above canopy wind speed.\n- For gaps of >3 hours, the gap was divided into three sections: a first hour, a middle section, and a last hour. For the first hour, the correction at the last valid above canopy measurement before the gap was linearly interpolated to the correction estimated for the first timestamp of the middle section. For the last hour, the correction was linearly interpolated from the correction estimated for the last timestamp of the middle section to the correction at the first valid above canopy measurement after the gap. For the middle section, the correction at each timestamp was estimated as the mean of the nearest valid above canopy and in canopy wind speed relationships at the same hour and minute before and after the target timestamp. A multiplicative correction was used when both reference corrections were factors (i.e. all reference in canopy wind speeds were \u22650.4 m s\u207b\u00b9). When either reference correction was an additive offset, both corrections were converted to additive offsets and applied additively. Thus, the correction method could switch between multiplicative and additive depending on the wind speed level and the available reference observations. The resulting correction was then applied to the corresponding in canopy wind speed to estimate the missing above canopy wind speed.\n- Negative estimated wind speed values resulting from the correction procedure were set to 0.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 minutes\n- 3 = value estimated using in canopy ambient wind speed and a fitted correction\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *fitted_in_canopy_ambient* = missing value estimated from aggregated ambient in canopy wind speed using a fitted correction to account for the difference between in canopy and above canopy wind speed\n\n&nbsp;\n**Wind direction**\n\n**Processing**\n\n- Missing wind direction values were linearly interpolated on a circular scale when \u22642 consecutive values were missing and the previous and following measurement values had passed all quality checks.\n- Remaining missing values were estimated using aggregated ambient in canopy wind direction. The relationship between valid above canopy and in canopy wind direction was used as an additive circular correction to adjust the in canopy measurements to above canopy conditions.\n- For gaps of \u22643 hours, the circular correction was linearly interpolated between the correction values immediately before and after the gap. The shortest angular difference between the two corrections was used, and the interpolated correction was applied to the in canopy wind direction.\n- For gaps of >3 hours, the gap was divided into three sections: a first hour, a middle section, and a last hour. For the first hour, the correction at the last valid above canopy measurement before the gap was circularly interpolated to the correction estimated for the first timestamp of the middle section. For the last hour, the correction was circularly interpolated from the correction estimated for the last timestamp of the middle section to the correction at the first valid above canopy measurement after the gap. For the middle section, the correction at each timestamp was estimated as the circular mean of the nearest valid above canopy and in canopy wind direction relationships at the same hour and minute before and after the target timestamp. The shortest angular difference was used when interpolating between corrections, and all corrections were applied additively to the corresponding in canopy wind direction. The resulting circular correction was then applied to the corresponding in canopy wind direction to estimate the missing above canopy wind direction.\n- If the result of a circular mean was undefined because the values were diametrically opposed (e.g., 90\u00b0 and 270\u00b0), the first value was adjusted internally by +1\u00b0 (circularly) and the circular mean was recalculated.\n- The final estimated values were circularly rounded to integer degrees from 0 to 359.\n\n**Quality flags**\n\nThe *quality_flag* describes the origin and quality of each wind direction value:\n\n- 1 = measured value with no identified quality issue\n- 2 = value estimated by circular linear interpolation across a gap of \u22642 consecutive values\n- 3 = value estimated using in canopy ambient wind direction and a fitted circular correction\n\n**Comments**\n\nThe *comment* column provides additional information on estimated wind direction values:\n\n- *linear_interpolation* = missing value estimated by circular linear interpolation between surrounding valid measurements\n- *fitted_in_canopy_ambient* = missing value estimated from aggregated ambient in canopy wind direction using a fitted circular correction to account for the difference between in canopy and above canopy wind direction\n", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "c63037b7-d729-48eb-8f1e-b9a70bf38eee", "last_modified": "2026-08-25T16:31:00", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T13:49:49.079807", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_oc_2025.zip", "package_id": "a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0", "position": 6, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"17.03\",\"size_units\":\"mb\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 17857249, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e59004-9655-4507-95ac-7db9345309e0/resource/c63037b7-d729-48eb-8f1e-b9a70bf38eee/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_meteorology_oc_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "AIR TEMPERATURE", "id": "ba9c8c16-f908-4173-affa-f813f7f8cd13", "name": "AIR TEMPERATURE", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS", "id": "72c0b69d-1a28-4570-92a7-23782040f71f", "name": "ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "CONTINUOUS MONITORING", "id": "88a3c377-d30f-4b68-9f90-0819caa8e7ea", "name": "CONTINUOUS MONITORING", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "DROUGHT EXPERIMENT", "id": "0984d92e-2c91-4a1a-a43e-bc54ccc21e9a", "name": "DROUGHT EXPERIMENT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "FOREST ECOSYSTEMS", "id": "d185fa72-e63e-40f3-adfa-ea2a2944bb31", "name": "FOREST ECOSYSTEMS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "GLOBAL RADIATION", "id": "e039f8db-f27b-4f76-a880-dc08180f9dba", "name": "GLOBAL RADIATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IRRIGATION", "id": "1a648ed1-22b5-43f3-afb1-42a4a0dca95f", "name": "IRRIGATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IRRIGATION MANIPULATION", "id": "1f03a64d-e6dc-4937-a30e-f052f06d262e", "name": "IRRIGATION MANIPULATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "LONG-TERM", "id": "b3126982-ee18-45d2-b9e2-5c52c272f278", "name": "LONG-TERM", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS", "id": "f4b3056d-8e69-48b2-a02d-302e0a4dd757", "name": "METEOROLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PAR", "id": "87c52aa3-f1b5-42dd-8b58-a5b8bc709898", "name": "PAR", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PFYNWALD", "id": "a64b32a3-f62d-42e3-a216-7edf41398b0a", "name": "PFYNWALD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "id": "9ceddae3-18b3-4ba8-bcce-2ea3ce4a3bbe", "name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PRECIPITATION", "id": "dba7b369-a028-4ce3-805f-ecbefe796885", "name": "PRECIPITATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "RELATIVE HUMIDITY", "id": "d90189bb-d066-4183-a1de-8cdf50c28f67", "name": "RELATIVE HUMIDITY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "RHONE VALLEY", "id": "d782f7fe-fe7c-4832-a697-f27b5beb18bd", "name": "RHONE VALLEY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPD", "id": "45b631a0-e146-4b93-b63d-b0bd77d35cf3", "name": "VPD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPDROUGHT", "id": "e8b13462-b140-4bde-936f-63cb247262dc", "name": "VPDROUGHT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "WIND DIRECTION", "id": "f98af1be-e278-4f8a-a480-68dbe175c350", "name": "WIND DIRECTION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "WIND SPEED", "id": "3c4e47d5-a129-4c0b-a7ed-264926e3a908", "name": "WIND SPEED", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"francesca.carletti@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Francesca\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Carletti\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"bavay@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Mathias\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-5039-1578\", \"name\": \"Bavay\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"chiara.ghielmini@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Chiara\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Ghielmini\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"myriam.bonardi@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Myriam\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Bonardi\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"patrick.leibersperger@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Patrick\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Leibersperger\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"valentin.philippe@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Valentin Marcel\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Philippe\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"Eurac Research\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"michele.bozzoli@eurac.edu\", \"given_name\": \"Michele\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Bozzoli\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"Eurac Research\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"carlo.marin@eurac.edu\", \"given_name\": \"Carlo\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Marin\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"cynthia.steijn@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Cynthia\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Steijn\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"michel.geiser@bluewin.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Michel\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Geiser\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"Eurac Research\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"giacomo.bertoldi@eurac.edu\", \"given_name\": \"Giacomo\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Bertoldi\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"lgruenenf@student.ethz.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Livio Nico\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Gr\\u00fcnenfelder\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"Eurac Research\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"valentina.premier@eurac.edu\", \"given_name\": \"Valentina\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Premier\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"Eurac Research\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"riccardo.barella@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Riccardo\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Barella\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "ff15000e-03e4-46ed-9c13-90d2d5fb9cf4", "date": "[{\"date\": \"2023-02-14\", \"date_type\": \"created\", \"end_date\": \"2025-01-15\"}, {\"date\": \"2023-02-14\", \"date_type\": \"collected\", \"end_date\": \"2024-07-04\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.574", "funding": "[{\"grant_number\":\"20021-205190\",\"institution\":\"Swiss National Science Foundation\",\"institution_url\":\"https://data.snf.ch/grants/grant/205190\"}]", "id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "isopen": true, "language": "en", "license_id": "cc-by-sa", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike (CC-BY-SA)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"affiliation\": \"\", \"email\": \"francesca.carletti@slf.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Francesca\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Carletti\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2025-01-15T12:36:32.133741", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-26T09:22:00.039398", "name": "snowtinel-high-temporal-resolution-ground-truth-dataset-for-sar-remote-sensing-o", "notes": "This dataset consists of a series of full snow profiles collected at the Weissfluhjoch field site in Davos, Switzerland, over the two snow seasons of 2022-2023 and 2023-2024. This series of snow profiles was collected at high vertical and temporal resolution, with a specific focus on the melting seasons, during which up to 3 profiles per week were sampled. This dataset is part of the measurement campaign conducted within the SnowTinel project, which aims to explore the Sentinel-1 SAR backscattering response to melting Alpine snowpacks. Therefore, this dataset contains manual measurements of the main properties of snow that are responsible for scattering, i.e., temperature, density, specific surface area (SSA), liquid water content (LWC), surface roughness, and snow water equivalent (SWE). \n\nThe dataset comprises 85 snow profiles: 38 carried out in 2022-2023 and 47 in 2023-2024. \n  - Profiles of snow **temperature** were sampled at a vertical resolution of 10 cm (2022-2023) and 5 cm (2023-2024) using HI98501 Checktemp from Hanna Instruments;\n   - Profiles of snow **density** were sampled at a vertical resolution of 3 cm using a box density cutter and a digital scale;\n   - Profiles of snow **specific surface area** were sampled at a vertical resolution of 4 cm using the InfraSnow sensor from FPGA;\n   - Profiles of snow **liquid water content** were sampled at a vertical resolution of 2 cm using the Denothmeter (2022-2023) and the New Capacitive Sensor from FPGA (2023-2024). In conditions of ripe snow, dielectric measurements were backed up by melting calorimetry measurements following a recently revised field protocol;\n   - Snow **surface roughness** is expressed by the Root Mean Square of the Heights (RMSH) and the correlation length (CL), both computed from a digitized snow transect obtained by a digital photograph of a panel vertically inserted into the snow. \n- **Snow water equivalent** was sampled in sections from the surface to the bottom of the snowpack with a cylinder cutter. \n\n&nbsp;\n\nAdditionally, **runoff** was automatically measured in the close proximity to the measurement field at a sub-hourly resolution by a lysimeter. The instrument was unfortunately discovered to be clogged at the start of the runoff in 2023 and only repaired in late May 2023. Therefore, the time series is not representative of the runoff start in 2023. The instrument was inspected promptly and assessed as fully functional for the upcoming snow season. The manually measured values of **SWE** are complemented by an automatically recorded time series at sub-hourly time intervals with an SSG1000 snow scale manufactured by Sommer Messtechnik, Austria.\n\n&nbsp;\n\n ---\n\n&nbsp;\n\n- References:\n\n  - HI98501 Checktemp: [https://www.hannainstruments.co.uk/modules/teapotknowledgehub/uploads/ist98501_06_18-60d496ca2cd31.pdf](https://www.hannainstruments.co.uk/modules/teapotknowledgehub/uploads/ist98501_06_18-60d496ca2cd31.pdf)\n  - InfraSnow sensor: Wolfsperger, Fabian & Ziegler, Silvio & Schneebeli, Martin & L\u00f6we, Henning. (2022). Evaluation of the InfraSnow: a handheld device to measure snow specific surface (SSA). 10.13140/RG.2.2.31566.95047; [https://snow-sen.com/infrasnow-ssa-sensor-2/](https://snow-sen.com/infrasnow-ssa-sensor-2/)\n  - Denothmeter: Denoth, A. \u201cAn Electronic Device for Long-Term Snow Wetness Recording.\u201d Annals of Glaciology 19 (1994): 104\u20136. [https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500011058](https://doi.org/10.3189/S0260305500011058)\n  - New Capacitive Sensor: Wolfsperger, Fabian & Geisser, Michel & Ziegler, Silvio & L\u00f6we, Henning. (2023). A NEW HANDHELD CAPACITIVE SENSOR TO MEASURE SNOW DENSITY AND LIQUID WATER CONTENT; [https://snow-sen.com/slf-snowpro-40/](https://snow-sen.com/slf-snowpro-40/)\n  - Melting calorimetry: Barella, R., Bavay, M., Carletti, F., Ciapponi, N., Premier, V., and Marin, C.: Unlocking the potential of melting calorimetry: a field protocol for liquid water content measurement in snow, The Cryosphere, 18, 5323\u20135345, [https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5323-2024](https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-18-5323-2024), 2024. \n  - Surface roughness: B. Riccardo, C. Marin, M. Callegari, M. Gianinetto, T. Moranduzzo and C. Notarnicola, \"A Low-Cost Portable Automatic System for Snow Surface Roughness Measurements Based on Digital Photography,\" 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS, Brussels, Belgium, 2021, pp. 5562-5565, doi: [https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553989](https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553989).\n  - SSG: [https://www.sommer.at/de/produkte/schnee-eis/schneewaage-ssg-2](https://www.sommer.at/de/produkte/schnee-eis/schneewaage-ssg-2)\n", "num_resources": 9, "num_tags": 12, "organization": {"id": "f2a8afe5-e84e-454b-b5d9-6c1bf682eabd", "name": "snow-processes", "title": "Snow Processes", "type": "organization", "description": "", "image_url": "", "created": "2018-11-15T15:30:05.707541", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "f2a8afe5-e84e-454b-b5d9-6c1bf682eabd", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publication_year\": \"2025\", \"publisher\": \"EnviDat\"}", "publication_state": "published", "related_datasets": "", "related_publications": "https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-19-5579-2025", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[9.809498,46.829444]},{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[9.555359,46.739861],[9.555359,46.970882],[10.093689,46.970882],[10.093689,46.739861],[9.555359,46.739861]]]}],\"properties\":{\"name\":\"snowtinel-high-temporal-resolution-ground-truth-dataset-for-sar-remote-sensing-o\"}}", "spatial_info": "Switzerland", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "SnowTinel high-temporal-resolution ground truth dataset for SAR remote sensing of snow", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "version": "1.0", "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-05T10:09:06.648497", "description": "General metadata and detailed data description. ", "doi": "", "format": "TXT", "hash": "", "id": "cf3ee004-243a-48de-92a3-14e46a8f25d4", "last_modified": "2025-03-05T11:33:06.078000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-05T10:33:20.871640", "mimetype": "text/plain", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "README.txt", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 9428, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/cf3ee004-243a-48de-92a3-14e46a8f25d4/download/readme.txt", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-05T10:33:27.878410", "description": "Runoff time series automatically recorded from the lysimeter (2022-2024).", "doi": "", "format": "smet", "hash": "", "id": "84b800f0-f5df-48ca-9474-005e952118de", "last_modified": "2025-03-05T11:35:24.616000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-05T10:35:39.398049", "mimetype": "application/octet-stream", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "lysimeter_data_2022_2024.smet", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 3369865, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/84b800f0-f5df-48ca-9474-005e952118de/download/lysimeter_data_2022_2024.smet", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-05T10:35:44.065019", "description": "Snow water equivalent time series automatically recorded from the snow scale (2022-2024).", "doi": "", "format": "smet", "hash": "", "id": "aaf9b5e2-1621-4d29-a37f-8df71f673e35", "last_modified": "2025-03-05T11:35:49.999000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-05T10:36:04.783990", "mimetype": "application/octet-stream", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "ssg1000_data_2022_2024.smet", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 2, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 3369857, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/aaf9b5e2-1621-4d29-a37f-8df71f673e35/download/ssg1000_data_2022_2024.smet", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-05T10:37:56.196643", "description": "Manually measured time series of surface roughness (2022-2023).", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "73fa5ef7-87f6-4d3b-80c1-735434645659", "last_modified": "2025-03-05T11:38:06.360000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-05T10:38:21.151837", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "snowtinel_surface_roughness_2022_2023.csv", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 3, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 8331, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/73fa5ef7-87f6-4d3b-80c1-735434645659/download/snowtinel_surface_roughness_2022_2023.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-05T10:38:25.526407", "description": "Manually measured time series of surface roughness (2023-2024).", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "95e1f75e-f4a1-448b-b8a1-418b3872e2a4", "last_modified": "2025-03-05T11:38:20.327000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-05T10:38:35.180157", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "snowtinel_surface_roughness_2023_2024.csv", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 4, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 10407, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/95e1f75e-f4a1-448b-b8a1-418b3872e2a4/download/snowtinel_surface_roughness_2023_2024.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-05T10:38:42.314509", "description": "Manually measured time series of snow water equivalent (2022-2023).", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "41520f26-a39e-40b9-b966-cc2ffec6f95d", "last_modified": "2025-03-05T11:38:44.295000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-05T10:38:59.085488", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "snowtinel_swe_2022_2023.csv", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 5, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 592, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/41520f26-a39e-40b9-b966-cc2ffec6f95d/download/snowtinel_swe_2022_2023.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-05T10:39:02.731070", "description": "Manually measured time series of snow water equivalent (2023-2024).", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "40dcf569-8e0b-4496-a556-79259095bf34", "last_modified": "2025-03-05T11:38:56.631000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-05T10:39:11.404524", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "snowtinel_swe_2023_2024.csv", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 6, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 624, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/40dcf569-8e0b-4496-a556-79259095bf34/download/snowtinel_swe_2023_2024.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-20T09:14:35.534666", "description": "Snow profiles collected on the snow season 2022-2023.", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "43461178-b0b2-4c9b-895e-8398b986f552", "last_modified": "2025-03-20T10:15:17.638000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-20T09:15:11.243807", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "snowtinel_profiles_2022_2023.csv", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 7, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 937388, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/43461178-b0b2-4c9b-895e-8398b986f552/download/snowtinel_profiles_2022_2023.csv", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2025-03-20T09:15:15.430114", "description": "Snow profiles collected on the snow season 2023-2024.", "doi": "", "format": "CSV", "hash": "", "id": "6c8939cc-2947-43c4-b0d5-9750e3bd00ab", "last_modified": "2025-03-20T10:15:35.782000", "metadata_modified": "2025-03-20T09:15:29.370294", "mimetype": "text/csv", "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "snowtinel_profiles_2023_2024.csv", "package_id": "dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5", "position": 8, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"\",\"size_units\":\"\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 1435676, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/dd565b06-d9bd-4774-b140-5bb0dcdb70f5/resource/6c8939cc-2947-43c4-b0d5-9750e3bd00ab/download/snowtinel_profiles_2023_2024.csv", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "RADAR", "id": "0e9d8442-5750-4201-864b-d543386dbd8e", "name": "RADAR", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SATELLITE", "id": "f46a39ae-1c09-4abf-9ba0-35f1827c1527", "name": "SATELLITE", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SENTINEL-1", "id": "92d59763-6740-45f0-beb4-137073196023", "name": "SENTINEL-1", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SNOW DENSITY", "id": "751c7861-0337-44f6-b92f-04cdca6784b6", "name": "SNOW DENSITY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SNOW LWC", "id": "8b560613-f794-46c4-8f65-13975fd63bd6", "name": "SNOW LWC", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SNOW MELT", "id": "4452e5c9-c707-4c61-bd1c-28816181a043", "name": "SNOW MELT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SNOW PROFILES", "id": "e7cf7d8d-0ffe-47a5-920f-b427bc778fad", "name": "SNOW PROFILES", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SNOW ROUGHNESS", "id": "5df8b459-a376-46e8-996e-fb8a76d0e56f", "name": "SNOW ROUGHNESS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SNOW SSA", "id": "3f58c823-b6c0-49e4-adac-120fc9766be0", "name": "SNOW SSA", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SNOW TEMPERATURE", "id": "133a69ce-55fc-472e-9138-8cc16d1cd415", "name": "SNOW TEMPERATURE", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SURFACE ROUGHNESS", "id": "3dcb74e1-17cf-455d-81d6-34dbf4033c5d", "name": "SURFACE ROUGHNESS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "WET SNOW", "id": "2aea47b0-54ce-4aad-900a-aab7e328dff2", "name": "WET SNOW", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Giovanni\", \"name\": \"Bortolami\", \"email\": \"giovanni.bortolami@epfl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7528-9644\", \"affiliation\": \"Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Arianna\", \"name\": \"Milano\", \"email\": \"arianna.milano@epfl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"EPFL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Jonas\", \"name\": \"Gisler\", \"email\": \"jonas.gisler@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Marcus\", \"name\": \"Schaub\", \"email\": \"marcus.schaub@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-0158-8892\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Charlotte\", \"name\": \"Grossiord\", \"email\": \"charlotte.grossiord@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-9113-3671  \", \"affiliation\": \"Plant Ecology Research Laboratory, School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "7adc3018-86f4-481a-a55a-6f25a0dd3056", "date": "[{\"date_type\":\"created\",\"date\":\"2024-01-01\",\"end_date\":\"2025-12-31\"},{\"date_type\":\"collected\",\"date\":\"2024-01-01\",\"end_date\":\"2025-09-30\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.799", "funding": "[{\"institution\":\"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)\",\"grant_number\":\"206021_213382 / 1\",\"institution_url\":\"https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/vpdrought/\"}]", "id": "47c173b8-dbc3-481b-9da8-666f0a157a35", "isopen": true, "license_id": "cc-by", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"email\":\"giovanni.bortolami@epfl.ch\",\"given_name\":\"Giovanni\",\"name\":\"Bortolami\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-06-10T06:51:36.786850", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-25T14:33:19.042233", "name": "pfynwald-vpdrought-experiment-leaf-gas-exchange-and-water-potential-parameter", "notes": "Data were collected in one-week campaigns every month (from May to September). The protocol slightly changed from 2024 to 2025. \n- In 2024, we followed n=2 scaffolds from the following treatments: irrigation-ambient VPD, irrigation-reduced VPD, roof-ambient VPD. We followed diurnals dynamics (every hour) from pre-dawn (~5 a.m.) to late afternoon (~5 p.m.) of leaf gas exchange (CO2 assimilation A, leaf transpiration E, leaf stomatal conductance gs) via a portable photosynthesis system LI-6800 (Li-cor). Ambient light, temperature, and relative humidity conditions were locally measured and set in the cuvette. The measurement was taken after 5 to 15 minutes adaptation. Every hour a branchlet (comprehending 1 and 2 years-old needles) was collected to measure leaf water potential.\n- In 2025,  we followed n=3 scaffolds from the following treatments: irrigation-ambient VPD, irrigation-reduced VPD, roof-ambient VPD, control. We measured leaf gas exchange twice a day using ambient temperature and relative humidity and saturated light conditions. We measured leaf water potential at pre-dawn, midday, and late afternoon.\n", "num_resources": 2, "num_tags": 8, "organization": {"id": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "name": "pfynwald", "title": "Pfynwald", "type": "organization", "description": "At the beginning of this century, numerous Scots pines in the Rhone Valley, one of the driest inner alpine valleys of the European Alps, situated between Brig and Sion (Canton Valais), started showing symptoms of drought. Many older trees had already died. To investigate the causes of the pine dieback, the WSL launched a long-term irrigation experiment in the Pfyn-Finges Nature Park in summer 2003. Since then, the WSL has been comparing the responses of several hundred Scots pines in irrigated forest plots with those of trees that continued to receive only the natural amount of precipitation.\r\n\r\nSince 2024, we have implemented an additional, world-wide unique approach to disentangle the processes affected by atmospheric and soil droughts. For more details, see VPDrought-Experiment.\r\n\r\n[here is the link](https://www.wsl.ch/de/ueber-die-wsl/versuchsanlagen-und-labors/flaechen-im-wald/die-forschungsplattform-pfynwald/)", "image_url": "", "created": "2026-04-09T08:06:02.775312", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publisher\":\"EnviDat\",\"publication_year\":\"2026\"}", "publication_state": "published", "related_datasets": "- [Pfynwald long-term experimental irrigation site](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.599)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters and manipulations](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.798)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment stem radius changes (TreeNet)](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.751)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment sap flow parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.750)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment soil parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.775)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment canopy temperature parameter](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.776)", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[7.6121082,46.3027884]}]}", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "Pfynwald VPDrought experiment leaf gas exchange and water potential parameter", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "version": "", "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T14:27:57.661867", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "f867696c-096d-4592-9248-b08982254b19", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-08-25T14:27:57.643351", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_gas_waterpotential_2024.zip", "package_id": "47c173b8-dbc3-481b-9da8-666f0a157a35", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 25966, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/47c173b8-dbc3-481b-9da8-666f0a157a35/resource/f867696c-096d-4592-9248-b08982254b19/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_gas_waterpotential_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T14:28:10.979107", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "76bad65c-bdc9-4eb5-9765-7e4cce9ffcf2", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-08-25T14:28:10.960028", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_gas_waterpotential_2025.zip", "package_id": "47c173b8-dbc3-481b-9da8-666f0a157a35", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 110896, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/47c173b8-dbc3-481b-9da8-666f0a157a35/resource/76bad65c-bdc9-4eb5-9765-7e4cce9ffcf2/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_gas_waterpotential_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "DROUGHT", "id": "5ff4196a-2dac-4204-b537-b3de8a55afe2", "name": "DROUGHT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "ECOPHYSIOLOGY", "id": "6eacfa1a-2cb2-4a32-8728-bda8c2241931", "name": "ECOPHYSIOLOGY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IRRIGATION", "id": "1a648ed1-22b5-43f3-afb1-42a4a0dca95f", "name": "IRRIGATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "LEAF GAS", "id": "cce0c806-0fdc-4d2a-959f-249d1a46f7f5", "name": "LEAF GAS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PFYNWALD", "id": "a64b32a3-f62d-42e3-a216-7edf41398b0a", "name": "PFYNWALD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "id": "9ceddae3-18b3-4ba8-bcce-2ea3ce4a3bbe", "name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPDROUGHT", "id": "e8b13462-b140-4bde-936f-63cb247262dc", "name": "VPDROUGHT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "WATER POTENTIAL", "id": "36816274-62db-4582-bdd9-284885b92b70", "name": "WATER POTENTIAL", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"felix.gugerli@wsl.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Felix\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0003-3878-1845\", \"name\": \"Gugerli\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"sabine.brodbeck@wsl.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Sabine\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-4481-7384\", \"name\": \"Brodbeck\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"University of Zurich\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"bertalan.lendvay@imr.uzh.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Bertalan\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Lendvay\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"benjamin.dauphin@wsl.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Benjamin\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0003-0982-4252\", \"name\": \"Dauphin\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"National Research Council\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"francesca.bagnoli@ibbr.cnr.it\", \"given_name\": \"Francesca\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Bagnioli\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"University of Bern\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"pim.vanderknaap@ips.unibe.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Willem O.\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"van der Knaap\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"University of Bern\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"willy.tinner@ips.unibe.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Willy\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Tinner\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"Sz\\u00e9chenyi Istv\\u00e1n University\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"maria.hohn@uni-mate.hu\", \"given_name\": \"Maria\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"H\\u00f6hn\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"National Research Council\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"giovanni.vendramin@ibbr.cnr.it\", \"given_name\": \"Giovanni G.\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Vendramin\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"University of Bern\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"cesar.morales@ips.unibe.ch\", \"given_name\": \"C\\u00e9sar\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-9464-862X\", \"name\": \"Morales-Molino\"}, {\"affiliation\": \"University of Bern\", \"affiliation_02\": \"\", \"affiliation_03\": \"\", \"email\": \"christoph.schwoerer@ips.unibe.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Christoph\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Schw\\u00f6rer\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "1ea42eae-b7b5-4877-9df3-2eeacab4dcbd", "date": "[{\"date\": \"2026-08-17\", \"date_type\": \"created\", \"end_date\": \"2026-08-17\"}, {\"date\": \"1997-10-01\", \"date_type\": \"collected\", \"end_date\": \"2023-02-09\"}]", "doi": "10.5061/dryad.866t1g1v6", "funding": "[{\"grant_number\": \"3100A0-113918\", \"institution\": \"Swiss National Science Foundation\", \"institution_url\": \"\"}, {\"grant_number\": \"31003A_152664\", \"institution\": \"Swiss National Science Foundation\", \"institution_url\": \"\"}]", "id": "852335d8-f4f3-4110-8601-b89ed3fc7a7f", "isopen": true, "language": "en", "license_id": "CC0-1.0", "license_title": "Creative Commons Zero - No Rights Reserved (CC0 1.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/", "maintainer": "{\"affiliation\": \"\", \"email\": \"felix.gugerli@wsl.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Felix\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Gugerli\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-08-25T08:36:21.922063", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-25T14:12:37.672631", "name": "a-range-wide-postglacial-history-of-swiss-stone-pine-based-on-molecular-markers-", "notes": "**Aim:**Knowing a species\u2019 response to historical climate shifts helps understanding its perspectives under global warming.We infer the hitherto unresolved postglacial history of\u00a0*Pinus cembra.*\u00a0Using independent evidence from genetic structure and demographic inference of extant populations, and from palaeoecological findings, we derive putative refugia and re-colonisation routes.\r\n\r\n**Location:**European Alps and Carpathians.\r\n\r\n**Taxa:***Pinus cembra.*\r\n\r\n**Methods:**We genotyped nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers in nearly 3,000 individuals from 147 locations across the entire natural range of\u00a0*P. cembra*. Spatial genetic structure (Bayesian modelling) and demographic history (Approximate Bayesian Computation) were combined with palaeobotanical records (pollen, macrofossils) to infer putative refugial areas during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and re-colonisation of the current range.\r\n\r\n**Results:**We found distinct spatial genetic structure, despite low genetic differentiation even between the two disjunct mountain ranges. Nuclear markers revealed five genetic clusters aligned East\u2013West across the range, while chloroplast haplotype distribution suggested nine clusters. Spatially congruent separation at both marker types highlighted two main genetic lineages in the East and West of the range. Demographic inference supported early separation of these lineages dating back to a previous interstadial or interglacial\u00a0*c.*\u00a0210,000 years ago. Differentiation into five biologically meaningful genetic clusters likely established during post-glacial re-colonisation.\r\n\r\n**Main conclusions:**Combining genetic and palaeoecological evidence suggests that\u00a0*P. cembra*\u00a0primarily survived the LGM in \u201ccold period\u201d refugia south of the Central European Alps and near the Carpathians, from where it expanded during the Late Glacial into its current Holocene \u201cwarm period\u201d refugia. This colonisation history has led to the distinct East\u2013West structure of five genetic clusters. The two main genetic lineages likely derived from ancient divergence during an interglacial or interstadial. The respective contact zone (Brenner line) matches a main biogeographic break in the European Alps also found in herbaceous alpine plant species.\r\n\r\nGenotype file with individual genotypes from 11 nuclear microsatellites (2 lines per individual), prepared for input in the clustering software STRUCTURE (Pritchard et al., Genetics 2000), available at <https://web.stanford.edu/group/pritchardlab/structure_software/release_versions/v2.3.4/html/structure.html>:\r\n\r\nGugerli\\_etal\\_JoB2023\\_nSSRs\\_STRUCTURE.csv\r\n\r\nGugerli\\_etal\\_JoB2023\\_nSSRs\\_GenePop.csv\r\n\r\nThree files with data from 4 chloroplast microsatellites, formatted for input in the clustering software BAPS (Corander et al., Genetics 2003), currently under development as an R package at <https://github.com/ocbe-uio/rBAPS>:\r\n\r\nGugerli\\_etal\\_JoB2023\\_cpSSRs-BAPS\\_Pop\\_PopGroupsUnlinkedLoci.csv\r\n\r\nGugerli\\_etal\\_JoB2023\\_cpSSRs-BAPS\\_Pop\\_names.csv\r\n\r\nGugerli\\_etal\\_JoB2023\\_cpSSRs-BAPS\\_Pop\\_indices.csv\r\n\r\nPopulations file with information on sampling sites (population codes, mountain range, country, population name, geographic coordinates in WGS84 format) and sample numbers.\r\n\r\nGugerli\\_etal\\_JoB2023\\_PopulationSampling.csv", "num_resources": 1, "num_tags": 11, "organization": {"id": "0944cb88-78c2-43f4-8089-423db2e6d322", "name": "ecological-genetics", "title": "Ecological Genetics", "type": "organization", "description": "We study ecological processes in populations of plants, mycorrhizal fungi and animals with molecular-genetic methods and supplement them with experimental approaches. We mainly investigate species that are relevant for Switzerland owing to their function in ecosystems, their distributional focus or their conservation status. We describe how plants of the Alpine region evolve to adapt to changing environmental conditions (adaptation). As important symbiosis partners of our forest trees, we investigate mycorrhizal fungi, their adaptation to tree partners and local conditions, and their significance for the stability of forest ecosystems in a changing environment. We study what effects the characteristics and configuration of landscape elements impose on the dispersal and the connectivity of organisms and their populations or how land use affects rare species of plants and animals (conservation genetics).", "image_url": "", "created": "2019-07-25T09:55:24.618682", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "0944cb88-78c2-43f4-8089-423db2e6d322", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publication_year\": \"2026\", \"publisher\": \"Dryad\"}", "publication_state": "pub_pending", "related_datasets": "[Sonnenwyl et al. 2024](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.468)", "related_publications": "* https://doi.org/10.1007/s11295-014-0770-9\r\n* https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2699.2009.02122.x\r\n* https://doi.org/10.1007/s00035-009-0052-6\r\n* https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.14586\r\n", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[7.170151,43.389082],[6.130378,43.691708],[5.383254,44.197959],[5.295439,45.02695],[5.855663,45.752193],[7.283896,46.762443],[8.811019,47.204642],[9.762502,47.665387],[13.101801,47.989922],[15.798408,48.034019],[17.75621,49.468124],[20.787942,49.93708],[25.11585,48.589326],[26.829437,46.604167],[26.829437,45.321254],[24.39087,45.02695],[22.458527,44.370987],[21.140382,45.120053],[16.482939,46.255847],[13.524172,46.149394],[12.139919,45.92823],[11.078547,45.429299],[9.953613,45.614037],[8.54741,45.698507],[7.866223,45.452424],[7.338903,44.964798],[7.514691,44.323848],[7.975974,44.040219],[7.170151,43.389082]]]}]}", "spatial_info": "Switzerland", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "A range-wide postglacial history of Swiss stone pine based on molecular markers and palaeoecological evidence", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "version": "5", "extras": [{"key": "deprecatedResources", "value": "[]"}, {"key": "is_import", "value": "true"}], "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-08-25T08:37:16.792956", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "url", "hash": "", "id": "26afdde9-c729-4ce5-b1f7-47ff10f2bb3f", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-08-25T08:37:16.770305", "mimetype": null, "mimetype_inner": null, "name": "dryad.866t1g1v6", "package_id": "852335d8-f4f3-4110-8601-b89ed3fc7a7f", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_value\":\"1\",\"size_units\":\"b\"}", "resource_type": null, "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 1, "state": "active", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.866t1g1v6", "url_type": null}], "tags": [{"display_name": "EVOLUTION", "id": "0a44e453-40f4-4cc3-9601-45c968449c13", "name": "EVOLUTION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "GENETIC DIVERSITY", "id": "3e683e0f-e223-4ccc-8a34-1d8e2e7a7827", "name": "GENETIC DIVERSITY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "MACROFOSSILS", "id": "901bad50-78db-4d79-b5fc-21e0be0ae299", "name": "MACROFOSSILS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "MICROSATELLITE GENOTYPES", "id": "4f155dab-a487-478d-86ae-986da7a484c3", "name": "MICROSATELLITE GENOTYPES", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "NUCLEAR MICROSATELLITES", "id": "f4eb0731-ab17-4798-99bf-5936186dd7bd", "name": "NUCLEAR MICROSATELLITES", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PALAEO-ECOLOGY", "id": "268b487b-61d2-499a-8305-a12be0126da3", "name": "PALAEO-ECOLOGY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PHYLOGEOGRAPHY", "id": "096f1915-ff83-49ab-91a2-01aa0e4edba8", "name": "PHYLOGEOGRAPHY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PINUS CEMBRA", "id": "87e3189d-2368-47e4-9567-2ff0fb5f955e", "name": "PINUS CEMBRA", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "POLLEN RECORDS", "id": "cc8f639c-6706-4a6a-9414-6d18d5a76b22", "name": "POLLEN RECORDS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "POPULATION GENETICS", "id": "be6c4eb3-1e68-490e-a95f-313a5121ebd1", "name": "POPULATION GENETICS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "POSTGLACIAL RECOLONIZATION", "id": "e7f064b4-bb93-4b15-821a-a69ef8b92971", "name": "POSTGLACIAL RECOLONIZATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Richard L.\", \"name\": \"Peters\", \"email\": \"richard.peters@tum.de\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"Tree Growth and Wood Physiology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Germany\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Jonas\", \"name\": \"Gisler\", \"email\": \"jonas.gisler@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Volodymyr\", \"name\": \"Trotsiuk\", \"email\": \"volodymyr.trotsiuk@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-8363-656X\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Roman\", \"name\": \"Zweifel\", \"email\": \"roman.zweifel@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0001-9438-0582\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Marcus\", \"name\": \"Schaub\", \"email\": \"marcus.schaub@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-0158-8892\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "7adc3018-86f4-481a-a55a-6f25a0dd3056", "date": "[{\"date\":\"2026-04-16\",\"date_type\":\"created\",\"end_date\":\"2026-04-16\",\"date_explanation\":\"Date range during which the research data was finalized or formally created\"},{\"date\":\"2024-01-01\",\"date_type\":\"collected\",\"end_date\":\"2025-12-31\",\"date_explanation\":\"Date range during which the research data was gathered or collected.\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.750", "funding": "[{\"grant_number\":\"206021_213382 / 1\",\"institution\":\"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)\",\"institution_url\":\"https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/vpdrought/\"}]", "id": "a9e439e5-827a-40a7-956c-1a05699e6adc", "isopen": true, "language": "en", "license_id": "cc-by", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"email\":\"richard.peters@tum.de\",\"given_name\":\"Richard\",\"name\":\"Peters\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-03-26T09:05:36.554341", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-25T10:37:53.885289", "name": "pfynwald-vpdrought-experiment-stem-radius-changes-treenet", "notes": "## Description\nThis dataset contains continuous sap-flow measurements and derived whole-tree transpiration estimates for 45 Pinus sylvestris trees at the Pfynwald experimental platform in southwestern Switzerland during 2024\u20132025. Trees were distributed across five treatment combinations established within the VPDrought experiment: Control, Irrigation, Irrigation + VPD reduction, Roof, and Roof + VPD reduction. Sap flux density was measured every 10 min using heat-ratio sap-flow sensors (IX-SF30, Implexx, Melbourne, Australia) installed at breast height on the north-facing side of each tree.\nRaw temperature signals were converted to sap flux density following the heat ratio method (Marshall 1958; Burgess et al. 2001; Forster 2019). Thermal diffusivity and related wood properties were parameterized using increment cores collected near the site and tree-specific allometric relationships. Probe misalignment was corrected by estimating a zero-flow offset from nighttime measurements during well-watered, low-VPD conditions in February 2024 and subtracting this offset from the full time series.\nSap flux density measurements at 0.5 and 1.5 cm sapwood depth were combined to total sap flow for the depth where the sensors were installed. Whole-tree transpiration can be calculated by integrating sap flux density across concentric sapwood depth of 2 cm.\nThe dataset includes processed sap flux density values together with metadata on treatment, tree identity, sensor depth, and quality-control corrections. Limitations include possible residual uncertainty due to sensor drift, assumptions in the sapwood depth, and the replacement of two trees that died during summer 2024 and lost parts of their crown in 2025.\n\n## Additional Information \nData processing was performed in an R environment following the heat ratio method workflow described by Forster (2019). Raw heat-pulse measurements were converted to sap flux density and subsequently corrected for thermal diffusivity, and probe misalignment. Outliers and implausible values were identified and removed using the R package datacleanr (Hurley et al. 2022). Sensor needle misalignment was corrected by defining a zero-flow offset during periods of low atmospheric demand and assumed zero sap flow (i.e. rainy periods), and subtracting this offset from the time series. The processing script used to derive the dataset is available from the authors upon request.\n\nRelevant literature: \n- Burgess S.S.O., Adams M.A., Turner N.C., Beverly C.R., Ong C.K., Khan A.A.H. & Bleby T.M. (2001) An improved heat pulse method to measure low and reverse rates of sap flow in woody plants\u2020. Tree Physiology 21, 589\u2013598.\n- Forster M.A. (2019) The Dual Method Approach (DMA) Resolves Measurement Range Limitations of Heat Pulse Velocity Sap Flow Sensors. Forests 10.\n- Hurley A.G., Peters R.L., Pappas C., Steger D.N. & Heinrich I. (2022) Addressing the need for interactive, efficient, and reproducible data processing in ecology with the datacleanr R package. PLOS ONE 17, e0268426-.\n- Marshall D.C. (1958) Measurement of Sap Flow in Conifers by Heat Transport. 1. Plant Physiology 33, 385\u2013396.\n\n", "num_resources": 2, "num_tags": 15, "organization": {"id": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "name": "pfynwald", "title": "Pfynwald", "type": "organization", "description": "At the beginning of this century, numerous Scots pines in the Rhone Valley, one of the driest inner alpine valleys of the European Alps, situated between Brig and Sion (Canton Valais), started showing symptoms of drought. Many older trees had already died. To investigate the causes of the pine dieback, the WSL launched a long-term irrigation experiment in the Pfyn-Finges Nature Park in summer 2003. Since then, the WSL has been comparing the responses of several hundred Scots pines in irrigated forest plots with those of trees that continued to receive only the natural amount of precipitation.\r\n\r\nSince 2024, we have implemented an additional, world-wide unique approach to disentangle the processes affected by atmospheric and soil droughts. For more details, see VPDrought-Experiment.\r\n\r\n[here is the link](https://www.wsl.ch/de/ueber-die-wsl/versuchsanlagen-und-labors/flaechen-im-wald/die-forschungsplattform-pfynwald/)", "image_url": "", "created": "2026-04-09T08:06:02.775312", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publisher\":\"EnviDat\",\"publication_year\":\"2026\"}", "publication_state": "published", "related_datasets": "- [Pfynwald long-term experimental irrigation site](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.599)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters and manipulations](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.798)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment stem radius changes (TreeNet)](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.751)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment soil parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.775)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment canopy temperature parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.776)", "related_publications": "", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[7.6121082,46.3027884]}]}", "spatial_info": "Switzerland", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "Pfynwald VPDrought  experiment sap flow parameter", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "version": "1.0", "extras": [{"key": "deprecatedResources", "value": "[\"d7f52e48-ed71-45c7-b619-43678218a7bd\",\"d64e3ede-1edf-4d95-ab0a-4f878bd90ca0\",\"b57ab7ae-3f7b-4fe7-9e55-f3cbbd0395c1\",\"0336d461-c067-4015-8520-f019658a1989\"]"}], "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-05-27T10:28:26.587587", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "6a0cd3b8-8e29-4b85-9296-86196808fd32", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-05-27T10:28:26.563263", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_sapflow_10Minutes_2024.zip", "package_id": "a9e439e5-827a-40a7-956c-1a05699e6adc", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 53546175, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e439e5-827a-40a7-956c-1a05699e6adc/resource/6a0cd3b8-8e29-4b85-9296-86196808fd32/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_sapflow_10minutes_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-05-27T10:28:38.619030", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "455662d6-f0b7-4ea8-8cb6-d31eb714952e", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-05-27T10:28:38.594219", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_sapflow_10Minutes_2025.zip", "package_id": "a9e439e5-827a-40a7-956c-1a05699e6adc", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 53424631, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a9e439e5-827a-40a7-956c-1a05699e6adc/resource/455662d6-f0b7-4ea8-8cb6-d31eb714952e/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_sapflow_10minutes_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "CONTINUOUS MONITORING", "id": "88a3c377-d30f-4b68-9f90-0819caa8e7ea", "name": "CONTINUOUS MONITORING", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "DROUGHT EXPERIMENT", "id": "0984d92e-2c91-4a1a-a43e-bc54ccc21e9a", "name": "DROUGHT EXPERIMENT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "FOREST ECOPHYSIOLOGY", "id": "6bab6a7e-e7eb-414f-98e7-115f57e4a8a7", "name": "FOREST ECOPHYSIOLOGY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IRRIGATION", "id": "1a648ed1-22b5-43f3-afb1-42a4a0dca95f", "name": "IRRIGATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PFYNWALD", "id": "a64b32a3-f62d-42e3-a216-7edf41398b0a", "name": "PFYNWALD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "id": "9ceddae3-18b3-4ba8-bcce-2ea3ce4a3bbe", "name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "RAIN EXCLUSION", "id": "d73c62a1-36de-402e-b0c3-3ee5e0aff492", "name": "RAIN EXCLUSION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "REDUCTION", "id": "cc27516c-f5ae-41da-bf63-60e79b7f9773", "name": "REDUCTION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "RHONE VALLEY", "id": "d782f7fe-fe7c-4832-a697-f27b5beb18bd", "name": "RHONE VALLEY", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "SAP FLOW", "id": "3329891a-b3ae-4a5a-80c5-3d18b77b3391", "name": "SAP FLOW", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "TRANSPIRATION", "id": "01453fa5-0f9a-404e-a830-4d25edc50d43", "name": "TRANSPIRATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "TREE TRANSPIRATION", "id": "b1fbe4a2-17af-463e-ba35-ee1bff2fb45e", "name": "TREE TRANSPIRATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPD", "id": "45b631a0-e146-4b93-b63d-b0bd77d35cf3", "name": "VPD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPDROUGHT", "id": "e8b13462-b140-4bde-936f-63cb247262dc", "name": "VPDROUGHT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "XYLEM FLUX", "id": "6e63d2fc-91f1-4f1e-bcc5-58c15cc54452", "name": "XYLEM FLUX", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Petra\", \"name\": \"d'Odorico\", \"email\": \"petra.dodorico@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0001-9954-8508\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Jonas\", \"name\": \"Gisler\", \"email\": \"jonas.gisler@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Marcus\", \"name\": \"Schaub\", \"email\": \"marcus.schaub@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-0158-8892\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "7adc3018-86f4-481a-a55a-6f25a0dd3056", "date": "[{\"date_type\":\"created\",\"date\":\"2026-05-27\",\"end_date\":\"2026-05-28\"},{\"date_type\":\"collected\",\"date\":\"2024-01-01\",\"end_date\":\"2025-12-31\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.776", "funding": "[{\"institution\":\"Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF)\",\"grant_number\":\"206021_213382 / 1\",\"institution_url\":\"https://www.wsl.ch/en/projects/vpdrought/\"}]", "id": "a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd", "isopen": true, "license_id": "cc-by", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"email\":\"petra.dodorico@wsl.ch\",\"given_name\":\"Petra\",\"name\":\"DOdorico\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-05-28T07:11:39.141415", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-25T10:37:06.703664", "name": "pfynwald-vpdrought-experiment-canopy-temperature-parameter", "notes": "The dataset includes spatially aggregated canopy temperature measurements (\u00b0C) of one to two tree crowns obtained using infrared (IR) point sensors.\n\nThe dataset was quality screened using a multi-step outlier detection procedure based on Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) statistics within a defined analysis period (= 1 year).\n\n**Three complementary quality-control checks were applied**:\n\n1\\. Global MAD screening \u2013 detects observations that strongly deviate from the overall distribution of each individual sensor time series.\n\n2\\. Local spike detection \u2013 identifies short-term anomalous spikes within each sensor time series using rolling median and rolling MAD statistics.\n\n3\\. Cross-sensor consistency screening \u2013 compares measurements across all sensors recorded at the same timestamp to identify extreme deviations relative to the network-wide median behaviour.\n\n\n\nEach observation received individual QC flags for all three checks, followed by a combined final quality flag. Observations passing all criteria were labelled as `good`, while flagged observations were labelled as `outlier` if considered suspect, or as `bad` if associated with known sensor drifts. Observations labelled as `outlier` may still represent physically plausible values, while observations labelled as `bad` should not be considered for further analysis. All observations were retained in the exported dataset for traceability.\n", "num_resources": 4, "num_tags": 8, "organization": {"id": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "name": "pfynwald", "title": "Pfynwald", "type": "organization", "description": "At the beginning of this century, numerous Scots pines in the Rhone Valley, one of the driest inner alpine valleys of the European Alps, situated between Brig and Sion (Canton Valais), started showing symptoms of drought. Many older trees had already died. To investigate the causes of the pine dieback, the WSL launched a long-term irrigation experiment in the Pfyn-Finges Nature Park in summer 2003. Since then, the WSL has been comparing the responses of several hundred Scots pines in irrigated forest plots with those of trees that continued to receive only the natural amount of precipitation.\r\n\r\nSince 2024, we have implemented an additional, world-wide unique approach to disentangle the processes affected by atmospheric and soil droughts. For more details, see VPDrought-Experiment.\r\n\r\n[here is the link](https://www.wsl.ch/de/ueber-die-wsl/versuchsanlagen-und-labors/flaechen-im-wald/die-forschungsplattform-pfynwald/)", "image_url": "", "created": "2026-04-09T08:06:02.775312", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publisher\":\"EnviDat\",\"publication_year\":\"2026\"}", "publication_state": "published", "related_datasets": "- [Pfynwald long-term experimental irrigation site](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.599)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters and manipulations](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.798)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment stem radius changes (TreeNet)](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.751)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment sap flow parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.750)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment soil parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.775)", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[7.6121082,46.3027884]}]}", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "Pfynwald VPDrought experiment canopy temperature parameter", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "version": "", "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-05-28T08:11:39.364753", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "966309dc-3bf5-4bbc-9964-6af79bf294fd", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-05-28T08:11:39.351200", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_canopy_temperature_1min_2024.zip", "package_id": "a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 51370310, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd/resource/966309dc-3bf5-4bbc-9964-6af79bf294fd/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_canopy_temperature_1min_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-05-28T08:11:50.703617", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "3ed284f7-5ca4-4b25-9441-00722b92e58d", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-05-28T08:11:50.690869", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_canopy_temperature_1min_2025.zip", "package_id": "a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 50905903, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd/resource/3ed284f7-5ca4-4b25-9441-00722b92e58d/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_canopy_temperature_1min_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-06-01T08:36:38.443518", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "212221fb-14a0-4157-97e9-1670e221959d", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-06-01T08:36:38.431024", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_canopy_temperature_10min_2024.zip", "package_id": "a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd", "position": 2, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 5872908, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd/resource/212221fb-14a0-4157-97e9-1670e221959d/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_canopy_temperature_10min_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-06-01T08:36:54.735863", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "66747b91-d345-4e98-97c7-9d7b3ce92266", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-06-01T08:36:54.723032", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_canopy_temperature_10min_2025.zip", "package_id": "a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd", "position": 3, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 5833672, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/a585bca2-a5e2-4810-b9a8-e831fdc7aebd/resource/66747b91-d345-4e98-97c7-9d7b3ce92266/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_canopy_temperature_10min_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "COOLING", "id": "f4ff2add-2e41-4656-8949-281bd4117ab4", "name": "COOLING", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "HEAT STRESS", "id": "896dd3e8-ae03-4bc5-9344-2c1f5b01cb84", "name": "HEAT STRESS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IR SENSOR", "id": "a97390c3-d57b-4490-8ef3-cc88b6b106ce", "name": "IR SENSOR", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IRRIGATION", "id": "1a648ed1-22b5-43f3-afb1-42a4a0dca95f", "name": "IRRIGATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PFYNWALD", "id": "a64b32a3-f62d-42e3-a216-7edf41398b0a", "name": "PFYNWALD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "id": "9ceddae3-18b3-4ba8-bcce-2ea3ce4a3bbe", "name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "TRANSPIRATION", "id": "01453fa5-0f9a-404e-a830-4d25edc50d43", "name": "TRANSPIRATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPDROUGHT", "id": "e8b13462-b140-4bde-936f-63cb247262dc", "name": "VPDROUGHT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}, {"author": "[{\"given_name\": \"Roman\", \"name\": \"Zweifel\", \"email\": \"roman.zweifel@wsl.ch\", \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0001-9438-0582\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Micah\", \"name\": \"Wilhelm\", \"email\": \"micah.wilhelm@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Dominik\", \"name\": \"Hummel\", \"email\": \"dominik.hummel@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Jonas\", \"name\": \"Gisler\", \"email\": \"jonas.gisler@wsl.ch\", \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zuercherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Elham\", \"name\": \"Rouholahnejad Freund\", \"email\": \"elham.rouholahnejad@usys.ethz.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-4316-2013\", \"affiliation\": \"ETH Zurich\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Sophia\", \"name\": \"Etzold\", \"email\": \"sophia.etzold@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-5383-2228\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Volodymyr\", \"name\": \"Trotsiuk\", \"email\": \"volodymyr.trotsiuk@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-8363-656X\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Matthias\", \"name\": \"Haeni\", \"email\": \"matthias.haeni@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Andreas\", \"name\": \"Rigling\", \"email\": \"andreas.rigling@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0003-1944-4042\", \"affiliation\": \"WSL\"}, {\"given_name\": \"Marcus\", \"name\": \"Schaub\", \"email\": \"marcus.schaub@wsl.ch\", \"data_credit\": [], \"identifier_scheme\": \"\", \"identifier\": \"0000-0002-0158-8892\", \"affiliation\": \"Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow, and Landscape WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland\"}]", "author_email": null, "creator_user_id": "7adc3018-86f4-481a-a55a-6f25a0dd3056", "date": "[{\"date\":\"2024-01-01\",\"date_type\":\"created\",\"end_date\":\"2025-12-31\"},{\"date\":\"2024-01-01\",\"date_type\":\"collected\",\"end_date\":\"2025-12-31\"}]", "doi": "10.16904/envidat.751", "funding": "[{\"grant_number\":\"00.5053.PZ / 7542O8CE7\",\"institution\":\"Bundesamt f\u00fcr Umwelt BAFU\",\"institution_url\":\"https://www.bafu.admin.ch\"}]", "id": "571cf7ad-edda-4e1f-9e9d-45014c39a9e2", "isopen": true, "language": "en", "license_id": "cc-by", "license_title": "Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY 4.0)", "license_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "maintainer": "{\"affiliation\": \"\", \"email\": \"roman.zweifel@wsl.ch\", \"given_name\": \"Roman\", \"identifier\": \"\", \"name\": \"Zweifel\"}", "maintainer_email": null, "metadata_created": "2026-03-26T13:23:43.555142", "metadata_modified": "2026-08-25T10:35:07.282153", "name": "pfynwald-vpdrought-experiment-stem-radius-change-treenet", "notes": "**Continuously measured stem radius change data (time series) from high-precision point dendrometers (Natkon) mounted on the stems of Pinus sylvestris trees at 1.5 m in the Pfynwald VPDrought experimental area.**\n\nThe data originates from the TreeNet database. The published data represents the highest quality data following automatic and manual corrections (LM data level).\n\nThe dataset contains the following files:\n- 10-minute resolution time series (.parquet)\n- Daily resolution time series (.parquet)\n- Readme (.txt)\n\nMain variables are stem radius changes (SRC), tree water deficit (TWD) and radial stem growth (GRO).\n\nThe measurements cover data from 2011 to 2025. All data is in UTC + 1 hour (Central European Time CET, winter time, no DST).", "num_resources": 2, "num_tags": 9, "organization": {"id": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "name": "pfynwald", "title": "Pfynwald", "type": "organization", "description": "At the beginning of this century, numerous Scots pines in the Rhone Valley, one of the driest inner alpine valleys of the European Alps, situated between Brig and Sion (Canton Valais), started showing symptoms of drought. Many older trees had already died. To investigate the causes of the pine dieback, the WSL launched a long-term irrigation experiment in the Pfyn-Finges Nature Park in summer 2003. Since then, the WSL has been comparing the responses of several hundred Scots pines in irrigated forest plots with those of trees that continued to receive only the natural amount of precipitation.\r\n\r\nSince 2024, we have implemented an additional, world-wide unique approach to disentangle the processes affected by atmospheric and soil droughts. For more details, see VPDrought-Experiment.\r\n\r\n[here is the link](https://www.wsl.ch/de/ueber-die-wsl/versuchsanlagen-und-labors/flaechen-im-wald/die-forschungsplattform-pfynwald/)", "image_url": "", "created": "2026-04-09T08:06:02.775312", "is_organization": true, "approval_status": "approved", "state": "active"}, "owner_org": "2a86e5bb-9735-4db3-a3e0-0979196bea1a", "private": false, "publication": "{\"publication_year\": \"2026\", \"publisher\": \"EnviDat\"}", "publication_state": "published", "related_datasets": "- [Pfynwald long-term experimental irrigation site](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.599)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment atmospheric parameters and manipulations](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.798)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment soil parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.775)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment sap flow parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.750)\n- [Pfynwald VPDrought experiment canopy temperature parameters](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.776)\n- [Stem Radius Change Data Pfynwald](https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.778)", "related_publications": "", "resource_type": "dataset", "resource_type_general": "dataset", "spatial": "{\"type\":\"GeometryCollection\",\"geometries\":[{\"type\":\"Point\",\"coordinates\":[7.612108,46.302788]}]}", "spatial_info": "Switzerland", "state": "active", "subtitle": "", "title": "Pfynwald VPDrought  experiment stem radius changes (TreeNet)", "type": "dataset", "url": null, "version": "", "extras": [{"key": "deprecatedResources", "value": "[]"}], "resources": [{"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-06-08T08:04:25.089554", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "425594e2-7210-49a8-82b7-1bdfc4cbaf33", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-06-08T08:04:25.075262", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_dendrometer_2024.zip", "package_id": "571cf7ad-edda-4e1f-9e9d-45014c39a9e2", "position": 0, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 61781663, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/571cf7ad-edda-4e1f-9e9d-45014c39a9e2/resource/425594e2-7210-49a8-82b7-1bdfc4cbaf33/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_dendrometer_2024.zip", "url_type": "upload"}, {"cache_last_updated": null, "cache_url": null, "created": "2026-06-08T08:04:44.871385", "description": "", "doi": "", "format": "ZIP", "hash": "", "id": "cea43ffe-6437-4b0e-8d58-398026cbde41", "last_modified": null, "metadata_modified": "2026-06-08T08:04:44.857449", "mimetype": "application/zip", "mimetype_inner": "null", "name": "pfynwald_vpdrought_dendrometer_2025.zip", "package_id": "571cf7ad-edda-4e1f-9e9d-45014c39a9e2", "position": 1, "resource_size": "{\"size_units\":\"kb\",\"size_value\":\"\"}", "resource_type": "null", "restricted": "{\"level\": \"public\", \"allowed_users\": \"\"}", "size": 62493309, "state": "active", "url": "https://www.envidat.ch/dataset/571cf7ad-edda-4e1f-9e9d-45014c39a9e2/resource/cea43ffe-6437-4b0e-8d58-398026cbde41/download/pfynwald_vpdrought_dendrometer_2025.zip", "url_type": "upload"}], "tags": [{"display_name": "DROUGHT", "id": "5ff4196a-2dac-4204-b537-b3de8a55afe2", "name": "DROUGHT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "IRRIGATION", "id": "1a648ed1-22b5-43f3-afb1-42a4a0dca95f", "name": "IRRIGATION", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PFYNWALD", "id": "a64b32a3-f62d-42e3-a216-7edf41398b0a", "name": "PFYNWALD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "id": "9ceddae3-18b3-4ba8-bcce-2ea3ce4a3bbe", "name": "PINUS SYLVESTRIS", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "POINT DENDROMETER", "id": "d70fc323-da2a-4b29-a93c-1b81289bdd9d", "name": "POINT DENDROMETER", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "STEM GROWTH", "id": "f7d8f2b2-7209-4b3a-a1a3-3d69a694f35c", "name": "STEM GROWTH", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "TWD", "id": "d49741b9-0d45-4768-9131-61b2a196dc78", "name": "TWD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPD", "id": "45b631a0-e146-4b93-b63d-b0bd77d35cf3", "name": "VPD", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}, {"display_name": "VPDROUGHT", "id": "e8b13462-b140-4bde-936f-63cb247262dc", "name": "VPDROUGHT", "state": "active", "vocabulary_id": null}], "groups": [], "relationships_as_subject": [], "relationships_as_object": []}], "sort": "score desc, metadata_modified desc", "search_facets": {}}}